The effect of disc thickness and trauma on disc surface friction in the porcine temporomandibular joint

Nickel, Jeffrey C.; Iwasaki, Laura R.; Feely, Dennis E.; Stormberg, K.D.; Beatty, Mark W.

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00101-1

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The magnitude of the mediolateral component of stress fi eld velocity is of particular interest because the TMJ disc exhibits weaker cross-linking of collagen fi bers along the mediolateral axis. As a matter of fact, impact loading of porcine disc samples produces damage to the tissue in dorsoventral direction [Tait et al, 1997;Bruno et al, 1999;Beatty et al, 2001;Nickel et al, 2001].…”

Section: Exposure Of the Tmj Disc To Stress Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Temporomandibular Joint Function Using MRI and Jaw-Tracking Technologies – Mechanics

Gallo¹

2005

Cells Tissues Organs

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The study of mechanics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is important because its dysfunction and breakdown could be, at least partially, of mechanical origin. The incongruity of the articular surfaces of the TMJ is compensated by a fibrocartilaginous articular disc. Its dislocation and failure seem to be closely related to the development of osteoarthritis of the TMJ. The analysis of mandibular kinematics permits the detection and assessment of irregularities of TMJ function due to internal obstacles such as a displaced articular disc. Furthermore, the measurement of the dynamic relationship between the articular surfaces of the TMJ is useful to determine the strains undergone by the disc that if too high might compromise its integrity. The development of our research in TMJ mechanics has evolved from the acquisition of the traces of single mandibular points to an accurate and compact description of mandibular motion, in which the mechanical advantage of jaw muscles, and forces and torques acting on the jaw are considered as well. The combination of three-dimensional software models of TMJ anatomies obtained from MRI and jaw tracking with six degrees of freedom permits a subject-specific dynamic analysis of the intra-articular space, providing insight into individual disc deformation during function and TMJ loading. Studies performed with this system indicate that both TMJs are loaded during chewing, the balancing more so than the working joint. In fact, during chewing, the intra-articular distance is smaller for hard than for soft food, on closing than on opening, on the balancing than on the working side. This last finding is confirmed by static biting experiments, in which the condyle-fossa distance decreases more on the side contralateral to the bite force, depending on its magnitude. Also studies on the dynamics of compression areas indicate that plowing can occur through the disc during function, especially mediolaterally, due to stress field translation. This effect might contribute to cartilage wear and fatigue also because the disc is weaker mediolaterally. Further data indicate that the lateral area of the disc is mostly exposed to a higher mechanical energy density. This will be more intensively investigated using finite element method.

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Section: Exposure Of the Tmj Disc To Stress Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Temporomandibular Joint Function Using MRI and Jaw-Tracking Technologies – Mechanics

Gallo¹

2005

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…11,30,31,33 The TMJ disc has the function of stress distribution and lubrication in the TMJ. [25][26][27] Mechanical failure of the disc may be an important predisposing factor leading to the relatively early degenerative changes seen in the TMJ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,23 For the TMJ disc, plowing forces are expected to be the dominant component of traction forces. This is because laboratory studies have shown that static and, especially, dynamic friction forces measured on the surface of the TMJ disc are low, 25,27 and traction forces associated with plowing on the surface of the TMJ disc are 10 times larger than friction forces. 24,28,29 The effects of magnitudes of joint loads and plowing forces on TMJ biomechanics are difficult to determine using an in vivo method of experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biphasic Finite Element Model of In Vitro Plowing Tests of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc

2009

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Disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) afflict 3-29% of people aged 19-40 years. Degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the TMJ generally occurs 15 years earlier than in other human joints and 1.5-2 times more often in women than men. The TMJ disc is the primary stress distribution mechanism within the joint. Mechanical failure of the TMJ disc precedes clinical signs of DJD. Unlike postcranial synovial joints, biomimetic replacements of the disc have not been successful, probably due to the paucity of knowledge about TMJ biomechanics. Translation of stress-fields mediolaterally across the TMJ disc may lead to fatigue failure because of the effect of traction forces on the tissue surface and because the disc is relatively weak in this aspect. Traction forces are composed of friction forces, which are known to be low in the TMJ, and plowing forces which are relatively much higher and result from movement and pressurization of fluids within the tissues due to translating surface loads. In the in vitro plowing experiment, a rigid curve-ended indenter is lowered into a TMJ disc that has been mounted on a stage with pressure gauges, and the indenter is then translated in a prescribed mediolateral motion that is intended to simulate the motion of the mandibular condyle on the TMJ disc in vivo. As a first step, these plowing experiments have quantified the variables thought to be important in tissue failure. A next step is to define the full role of these variables in the pathomechanics of TMJ disc tissue through a validated model. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and test a finite element model of the plowing experiments based on an orthotropic biphasic description of the soft tissue behavior of the TMJ disc. For this plowing model, the arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian method was used to approximate the moving load problem, where in vitro the indenter slid along the tissue's superior surface. Approximate validation of the plowing model was based on comparisons of model-predicted temporal and spatial distribution of indenter displacement and total normal stresses (+/-15%) and laboratory measurements during one complete cycle of plowing motion. Other useful predictions from the plowing model include spatial and temporal distributions of biomechanical variables of interest that cannot be measured experimentally, such as total stress, pressure, strain, and the relative significance of the orthotropic solid phase properties.

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“…The disc, which serves as the principal mechanism for stress distribution and lubrication, presents distinct regional variations in its biochemistry, microstructure and biomechanics. [1][2][3][4] This variation is related in part to regional variation in the collagen fibre orientation. [4][5][6][7] Specifically, in the posterior and anterior bands of the disc, the collagen fibres run in a mediolateral direction, whereas the fibres in the intermediate zone are oriented anterior to posterior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of the porcine temporomandibular joint disc

Benavides¹,

Bilgen²,

Al-Hafez³

et al. 2009

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI modality for characterizing the property, microstructural organization and function in tissues such as the brain and spinal cord. Prior to this investigation, DTI had not been adapted for studies of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Objectives were to test the feasibility of DTI to evaluate the porcine TMJ disc and to use DTI to observe differences in magnitude of anisotropy of water diffusion between TMJ disc regions. Methods: Five adult pig TMJs were scanned on a 9.4 Tesla horizontal bore MRI scanner using an inductively coupled surface coil. High-resolution gradient-echo and diffusionweighted spin-echo based images were obtained. The mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (FA) were computed in different regions of the disc. Two observers were calibrated to review the two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. Polarized light microscopy was used as the gold standard for collagen fibre orientation. Results: In the sagittal plane, the mean diffusivity was higher in the posterior (1.28¡0.10610 23 mm 22 s 21 ) and anterior (1.27¡0.08610 23 mm 22 s 21 ) bands compared with the intermediate zone (0.96¡0.01610 23 mm 22 s 21 ), and the FA index was also lowest in the intermediate zone. In the coronal plane, the mean diffusivity was higher in the medial (1.42¡0.01610 23 mm 22 s 21 ) and lateral (1.21¡0.12610 23 mm 22 s 21 ) aspects than in the centre (1.09¡0.08610 23 mm 22 s 21 ), and the FA index was also lowest in the centre. Conclusions: DTI is a useful method for non-invasively characterizing the structure/ property relationships of the porcine TMJ disc.

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The effect of disc thickness and trauma on disc surface friction in the porcine temporomandibular joint

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Modeling of Temporomandibular Joint Function Using MRI and Jaw-Tracking Technologies – Mechanics

Modeling of Temporomandibular Joint Function Using MRI and Jaw-Tracking Technologies – Mechanics

A Biphasic Finite Element Model of In Vitro Plowing Tests of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of the porcine temporomandibular joint disc

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