The effect of direct and extended contact on attitudes towards social robots

Gou, Marina Sardà; Webb, Thomas L.; Prescott, Tony J.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06418

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…This assumption is also strengthened by recent research based on intergroup relations. Sarda Gou et al, 2021 ) showed that direct contact with robots positively affected participants’ explicit and implicit attitudes toward robots. Direct contact might also be the crucial factor in why we found rather reserved attributions to robots while people working with robots attribute positive and negative human characteristics to them ( Sauppé & Mutlu, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses

et al. 2022

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New bionic technologies and robots are becoming increasingly common in workspaces and private spheres. It is thus crucial to understand concerns regarding their use in social and legal terms and the qualities they should possess to be accepted as ‘co-workers’. Previous research in these areas used the Stereotype Content Model to investigate, for example, attributions of Warmth and Competence towards people who use bionic prostheses, cyborgs, and robots. In the present study, we propose to differentiate the Warmth dimension into the dimensions of Sociability and Morality to gain deeper insight into how people with or without bionic prostheses are perceived. In addition, we extend our research to the perception of robots. Since legal aspects need to be considered if robots are expected to be ‘co-workers’, for the first time, we also evaluated current perceptions of robots in terms of legal aspects. We conducted two studies: In Study 1, participants rated visual stimuli of individuals with or without disabilities and low- or high-tech prostheses, and robots of different levels of Anthropomorphism in terms of perceived Competence, Sociability, and Morality. In Study 2, participants rated robots of different levels of Anthropomorphism in terms of perceived Competence, Sociability, and Morality, and additionally, Legal Personality, and Decision-Making Authority. We also controlled for participants’ personality. Results showed that attributions of Competence and Morality varied as a function of the technical sophistication of the prostheses. For robots, Competence attributions were negatively related to Anthropomorphism. Perception of Sociability, Morality, Legal Personality, and Decision-Making Authority varied as functions of Anthropomorphism. Overall, this study contributes to technological design, which aims to ensure high acceptance and minimal undesirable side effects, both with regard to the application of bionic instruments and robotics. Additionally, first insights into whether more anthropomorphized robots will need to be considered differently in terms of legal practice are given.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses

et al. 2022

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“…The IAT appears to be an essential method to reduce measurement error by assessing superior psychometric evaluations in direct comparisons with explicit measures. This study would suggest, respectively or simultaneously, using several data sources that cover different types of IATs: (a) the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT) that highlights a single dimension of target concepts (i.e., no contrasting concept to service robot), (b) the Multi-Dimensional Implicit Association Test (MD-IAT) that generates the index of reaction times in multidimensional concept dynamics (e.g., Gattol et al, 2011), or (c) the newly developed IAT that includes developed lists of words and pictures as stimuli with regard to service robots (Gou et al, 2021). These approaches might result in a better understanding of the complexities of gender differences in implicit attitudes toward robots.…”

Section: Methodological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study aims to introduce an application of the IAT to tap into implicit attitudes toward robotic services and show that such concepts and approaches can inform research about the emerging trends of robotic technologies in hospitality services. The essence of such endeavors stems from the empirical studies underlying the association between implicit measures of attitudes and explicit measures of robot attitudes (Gou et al, 2021), as well as from the structuring principle that a high proportion of individuals' decision making takes place beyond conscious awareness (Maison et al, 2004). Nonetheless, insufficient attention has been paid to the concept of implicit attitude in empirical research on the adoption of service robots in human cognitive behavior.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Service Robots in the Hospitality Industry: Gender Differences

Lee

Yen

2022

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly

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The current study applies implicit theory as a theoretical lens to explore gender differences in explicit and implicit measures of robot attitudes, which in turn facilitates behavioral intention. In total, 108 participants assessed the modified Robot Implicit Association Test (RIAT) to complete both implicit measures of attitudes and explicit self-reported measures in randomized order. Our findings demonstrated that (a) implicit attitudes (RIAT D-scores) were significantly correlated with self-reported measures (explicit attitude, perceived technology innovativeness, and behavioral intention), (b) different patterns of explicit and implicit attitudes exist, and (c) males may have a more favorable preference toward service robots than females. These results help build theoretical and methodological foundations for service management innovation into the role of implicit attitude in hospitality firms.

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“…Therefore, it is inevitable to understand user perceptions, corresponding attributions, and evoked feelings, especially when it comes to the acceptance of users of bionic devices and social robots on a broader societal level. Notwithstanding, we must consider that nowadays, the majority of people have no direct contact with such devices, and their attitudes towards them might be formed based on fiction rather than fact (Sarda Gou et al 2021). Accordingly, we aim at a deeper understanding of how the basic principles of social perception influence the formation of attitudes towards social robots and bionics users and whether or how social perception is influenced in turn by different grades of technicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social perception of embodied digital technologies—a closer look at bionics and social robotics

et al. 2022

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This contribution of the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) presents a study on the social perception of Embodied Digital Technologies (EDTs) and provides initial insights into social perception processes concerning technicality and anthropomorphism of robots and users of prostheses. EDTs such as bionic technologies and robots are becoming increasingly common in workspaces and private lives, raising questions surrounding their perception and their acceptance. According to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), social perception and stereotyping are based on two fundamental dimensions: Warmth (recently distinguished into Morality and Sociability) and Competence. We investigate how human actors, namely able-bodied individuals, users of low-tech prostheses and users of bionic prostheses, as well as artificial actors, such as industrial robots, social robots, and android robots, are perceived in terms of Competence, Sociability, and Morality. Results show that individuals with low-tech prostheses were perceived as competent as users of bionic prostheses, but only users of low-tech prostheses were perceived less competent than able-bodied individuals. Sociability did not differ between users of low-tech or bionic prostheses or able-bodied individuals. Perceived morality was higher for users of low-tech prostheses than users of bionic prostheses or able-bodied individuals. For robots, attributions of competence showed that industrial robots were perceived as more competent than more anthropomorphized robots. Sociability was attributed to robots to a lesser extent. Morality was not attributed to robots, regardless of their level of anthropomorphism.

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The effect of direct and extended contact on attitudes towards social robots

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses

Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Service Robots in the Hospitality Industry: Gender Differences

Social perception of embodied digital technologies—a closer look at bionics and social robotics

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