The Effect of Dimensions and Shape of Precipitation Gauges on the Wind-Induced Error

Sevruk, Boris; Nespor, V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79268-7_14

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well-known that precipitation analysis is also hampered by systematic errors, which can attain underestimations of up to 15 per cent for rain and up to 40 per cent for episodes of snow fall (Sevruk, 1989;Groisman and Legates, 1994;Sevruk and Nespor, 1994). The principal error source is the wind®eld deformation above the gauge, and hence these errors depend on the local wind speed, on the fall speed of hydrometeors, as well as the rain-gauge type.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A principal component and long-term trend analysis of daily precipitation in Switzerland

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A principal component and long-term trend analysis of daily precipitation in Switzerland

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…All but snow depth are predominantly measured with precipitation gauges (rain gauge if only liquid precipitation is measured). Precipitation measurements represent point measurements and are representative to a limited area, accompanied by errors and are very sensitive to exposure, and in particular to wind (Sevruk and Nespor, 1994;Groisman et al, 1999;WMO, 2010;Wolff et al, 2015;Kochendorfer et al, 2017a,b). Fog, dew, throughfall and stemflow are facultative measurements within ICOS at the moment, and therefore only briefly outlined in the section dealing with potential improvements in the future.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All types of precipitation measurements at ICOS ecosystem stations are done with the aim to provide long-term high-quality continuous data. Precipitation gauges are accompanied by errors induced due to wind effects (systematic wind field deformation above the gauge orifice) (Wolff et al, 2013;Colli, 2014) and the inhomogeneity introduced by the design of the measuring device (Sevruk and Nespor, 1994). Further errors include wetting losses (Sevruk, 1974a) and evaporation losses (Sevruk, 1974b;Leeper and Kochendorfer, 2015) inside the collection funnel, sampling errors due to weighing and tipping mechanisms (Sevruk and Chvíla, 2005) and in-and out-splashing effects due to device location, as well as random observational and instrumental errors.…”

Section: Sources Of Error For Precipitation Gaugesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized precipitation measurements within ICOS: rain, snowfall and snow depth: a review

Dengel¹,

Graf²,

Grünwald³

et al. 2018

International Agrophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Precipitation is one of the most important abiotic variables related to plant growth. Using standardised measurements improves the comparability and quality of precipitation data as well as all other data within the Integrated Carbon Observation System network. Despite the spatial and temporal variation of some types of precipitation, a single point measurement satisfies the requirement as an ancillary variable for eddy covariance measurements. Here the term precipitation includes: rain, snowfall (liquid water equivalent) and snow depth, with the latter two being of interest only where occurring. Weighing gauges defined as Integrated Carbon Observation System standard with the capacity of continuously measuring liquid and solid precipitation are installed free-standing, away from obstacles obstructing rain or snowfall. In order to minimise wind-induced errors, gauges are shielded either naturally or artificially to reduce the adverse effect of wind speed on the measurements. Following standardised methods strengthens the compatibility and comparability of data with other standardised environmental observation networks while opening the possibility for synthesis studies of different precipitation measurement methodologies and types including a wide range of ecosystems and geolocations across Europe.

show abstract

“…A wide range of differences are evident. Apart from the well-known errors in rain gauge estimates (reviewed in Legates and Willmott 1990;Sevruk 1994;Sevruk and Nespor 1994;Strangeways 1996a, b), there are also errors due to the dearth of point-scale measurements of precipitation over mountainous areas (where rain gauges are scarce to non-existent) and also over oceans. Consequently even the baseline precipitation data sets remain flawed but they still are the best available benchmarks for comparison with GCM outputs.…”

Section: Examples Of Uncertainties Linked With Gcms In Se Asiamentioning

confidence: 98%

The impacts of global change in the humid tropics: selected rainfall-runoff issues linked with tropical forest-land management

Bonell

2010

Irrig Drainage Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within the framework of IWRM, a major concern in the humid tropics is the effects of 'global warming' on the storm rainfall-runoff hydrology of both forests and converted forest lands. Further how such effects need to be incorporated within adaptive, forest-water-land management. But since the mid-20th century, dramatic changes in land-use (LU) and land cover (LC) have also occurred which have led to rapid rates of deforestation and an expansion of land-forest degradation. How much these man-induced impacts have been influential on climate -water relations, as against the effects of inherent climate variability and predicted climate change scenarios, still remains a major challenge to quantify. Thus embedded within the global warming issue are these additional LU/LC change impacts on climate-rainfall-storm runoff across scales which also require consideration under the broader mandate of 'global change'. The work will initially succinctly summarize the existing uncertainties linked with both Global Climate Models (GCMs). Subsequently more detailed attention will be given to uncertainties linked with LC/LU change. The experiences of hurricane Mitch in Central America will then set the scene for an alternative strategy. A principle message is a call for more concentrated research effort on geographically the outer margins of the 'maritime continent' (centred on the Indonesian Archipelago) in the Western Pacific where tropical cyclone frequency is very high. This region presents a diversity of socio-economies and an opportunity to produce adapted forest-land management measures in preparation for future global change (warming and anthropogenic). Such measures can then be extrapolated to currently less frequently, affected areas from extreme events like hurricane Mitch. Examples from research in the tropical-cyclone prone, "Wet Tropics" of Irrig Drainage Syst (2010) 24:279-325 northeast Australia linked with the management of tropical rainforests and the adjoining sugar cane lands are then used to demonstrate these opportunities.

show abstract

The Effect of Dimensions and Shape of Precipitation Gauges on the Wind-Induced Error

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

A principal component and long-term trend analysis of daily precipitation in Switzerland

A principal component and long-term trend analysis of daily precipitation in Switzerland

Standardized precipitation measurements within ICOS: rain, snowfall and snow depth: a review

The impacts of global change in the humid tropics: selected rainfall-runoff issues linked with tropical forest-land management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About