The effect of digital alteration disclaimer labels on social comparison and body image: Instructions and individual differences

Bury, Belinda; Tiggemann, Marika; Slater, Amy

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.005

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although we had reasoned (and hoped) that other forms of label might mitigate body dissatisfaction more effectively than a generic disclaimer label, they clearly did not. The null result for the generic disclaimer label is consistent with the growing body of research which likewise shows no positive benefit of the addition of such labels to fashion images (Ata et al, 2013;Bury et al, 2016b;Frederick, Sandhu, Scott, & Akbari, 2016;Tiggemann et al, 2013Tiggemann et al, , 2017. Likewise, the null finding for the consequence label is consistent with Ata et al's (2013) differently worded one, albeit in contrast to positive findings in the tobacco and alcohol domain (e.g., Mackinnon & Lapin, 1998;Smith, 1990;Strahan, White, Fong et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…To date, the precise wording, content, or format of the label has received little research attention, although a few studies have shown that disclaimer labels that specify the body parts altered (e.g., "This image has been digitally altered to lengthen and thin legs") can actually result in increased, rather than decreased, body dissatisfaction for some women (Bury et al, 2016b;Tiggemann et al, 2013). Thus, it remains possible that there may be other wordings or formats of label that are indeed more effective at reducing social comparison and hence preserving body satisfaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labelling fashion magazine advertisements: Effectiveness of different label formats on social comparison and body dissatisfaction

Tiggemann

Brown

2018

Body Image

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The experiment investigated the impact on women's body dissatisfaction of different forms of label added to fashion magazine advertisements. Participants were 340 female undergraduate students who viewed 15 fashion advertisements containing a thin and attractive model. They were randomly allocated to one of five label conditions: no label, generic disclaimer label (indicating image had been digitally altered), consequence label (indicating that viewing images might make women feel bad about themselves), informational label (indicating the model in the advertisement was underweight), or a graphic label (picture of a paint brush). Although exposure to the fashion advertisements resulted in increased body dissatisfaction, there was no significant effect of label type on body dissatisfaction; no form of label demonstrated any ameliorating effect. In addition, the consequence and informational labels resulted in increased perceived realism and state appearance comparison. Yet more extensive research is required before the effective implementation of any form of label.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labelling fashion magazine advertisements: Effectiveness of different label formats on social comparison and body dissatisfaction

Tiggemann

Brown

2018

Body Image

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“…For example, Slater et al (2012) reported that media warning labels prevented an increase in body dissatisfaction following exposure to photographs of thin female models. In contrast, several studies have found that warning labels on fashion images had either no effect on body dissatisfaction, or led to greater body dissatisfaction as compared to fashion images without warning labels (Ata et al, 2013;Bissell, 2006;Bury et al, 2016aBury et al, , 2016bFrederick et al, 2016;Tiggemann et al, 2013).…”

Section: Australia Released the Voluntary Industry Code Of Conduct Onmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Great Britain’s Royal Society for Public Health (2017) had recently urged for the adoption of warning labels on not only images used for advertisements, but all altered social media (e.g., Instagram). The fashion warning labels that have been studied typically include a statement that the images have been altered, (e.g., Ata, Thompson, & Small, 2013; Bury, Tiggemann, & Slater, 2016a, 2016b; Frederick, Sandhu, Scott, & Akbari, 2016; Tiggemann, Slater, Bury, Hawkins, & Firth, 2013) although some studies also included statements about the specific body parts that were altered (Tiggemann et al, 2013), that the alteration was geared towards perfection of physical appearance, and/or the negative implications of these alterations (e.g., Ata et al, 2013). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Warning labels on fashion images: Short‐ and longer‐term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior

Kwan

Haynos

Blomquist

et al. 2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Fashion warning labels that caution readers about digitally altered images have been recommended and adopted by several countries to prevent body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. This study investigated the short- and longer-term influence of fashion warning labels on affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and snack consumption using a randomized-controlled experiment. Method: Female undergraduates (n = 118) were randomized to view and rate responses to fashion images either with or without a warning label. They then consumed snacks and completed questionnaires. 64 participants (54%) completed follow-up online surveys asking them to view and rate new fashion images with or without warning labels once per week for four weeks. Primary outcomes were affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and kilocalories consumed. Results: Overall, fashion warning labels had no short-term effects on affect, body dissatisfaction, or kilocalories consumed in the lab. However, individuals who reported engaging in restrictive eating consumed fewer kilocalories when exposed to advertisements with warning labels (M = 170.33, SD = 120.78) versus no labels (M = 286.46, SD = 166.30), p = .008. Warning labels also had no protective effects after repeated exposure over four weeks on affect or eating disorder symptoms, and significantly increased appearance orientation (p = .001). Discussion: Warning labels on media images are unlikely to be an effective policy tool to prevent negative affect, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms, and, in some cases, may exacerbate these concerns.

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“…However, labelling images has been found to draw more attention to enhanced areas of the body, further increasing body dissatisfaction in some individuals (Bury et al, 2016). Using a different approach, Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, has prohibited all adverts promoting unrealistic female appearance ideals on London transport (BBC News, 2016).…”

Section: Photo-editing Culture and Mass Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo editing: enhancing social media images to reflect appearance ideals

Guest

2016

Journal of Aesthetic Nursing

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Key points The majority of images people are exposed to in the mass media have been digitally altered to reflect enhanced western beauty ideals  Exposure to heavily edited media images can lead to a number of appearance concerns, such as body dissatisfaction, low social self-esteem and body image-related anxiety  Many individuals are now editing their own images to reflect appearance ideals before sharing them on social media  Being exposed to idealised images of one's peers on social media might be worse for an individual's body image than exposure to figures in the mass media. This could be because there is more pressure to fit in socially with peers, and their appearance may be perceived as more real and achievable AbstractPeople are now becoming increasingly aware of the extent to which most mass media images are edited to reflect enhanced western beauty ideals. Although the negative impact these unachievable appearance standards can have on wellbeing is recognised, and there have been attempts to reduce people's exposure to them, there is now a more complex problem at hand. Photo-editing software is now available to almost anyone, and many social media users have begun to alter their own images to reflect these desirable beauty ideals. For this reason, health professionals need to be aware of the prevalence of photo editing, and the potential negative effects of exposure to idealised images of peers on social media.

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The effect of digital alteration disclaimer labels on social comparison and body image: Instructions and individual differences

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Labelling fashion magazine advertisements: Effectiveness of different label formats on social comparison and body dissatisfaction

Labelling fashion magazine advertisements: Effectiveness of different label formats on social comparison and body dissatisfaction

Warning labels on fashion images: Short‐ and longer‐term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior

Photo editing: enhancing social media images to reflect appearance ideals

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