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Complex lipids, essential components in biological processes, exhibit conserved age-related changes that alter membrane properties, cellular functions, and are implicated as biomarkers and contributors to longevity and age-related diseases. While physical activity alleviates age-related comorbidities and physical impairments, comprehensive exploration of the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly at the level of complex lipids, remains limited. However, clinical studies suggest that physical activity may counteract these age-related lipidomic changes, presenting a promising avenue for intervention. We performed lipidomic profiling of plasma from an extensively characterized cohort of young and aged individuals. Annotating 1446 unique lipid species across 24 lipid classes we found the most prominent difference in older adults was an accumulation of triacylglycerols (TGs), with lower physical activity levels associated with higher TG levels in plasma and reduced physical functionality. Remarkably, lipid species in the TG class did not accumulate uniformly. Rather, our study unveiled a negative correlation between higher physical activity levels and TGs with shorter chain length and more double bonds in this demographic. Overall, our research highlights that plasma TG length and saturation level can help mark healthy aging groups in humans. These findings deepen our understanding of how aging affects complex lipids, and the influence of physical activity on this process.
Complex lipids, essential components in biological processes, exhibit conserved age-related changes that alter membrane properties, cellular functions, and are implicated as biomarkers and contributors to longevity and age-related diseases. While physical activity alleviates age-related comorbidities and physical impairments, comprehensive exploration of the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly at the level of complex lipids, remains limited. However, clinical studies suggest that physical activity may counteract these age-related lipidomic changes, presenting a promising avenue for intervention. We performed lipidomic profiling of plasma from an extensively characterized cohort of young and aged individuals. Annotating 1446 unique lipid species across 24 lipid classes we found the most prominent difference in older adults was an accumulation of triacylglycerols (TGs), with lower physical activity levels associated with higher TG levels in plasma and reduced physical functionality. Remarkably, lipid species in the TG class did not accumulate uniformly. Rather, our study unveiled a negative correlation between higher physical activity levels and TGs with shorter chain length and more double bonds in this demographic. Overall, our research highlights that plasma TG length and saturation level can help mark healthy aging groups in humans. These findings deepen our understanding of how aging affects complex lipids, and the influence of physical activity on this process.
Background Higher prevalence rates of diabetes and its complications have been reported among individuals with poor physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. This study explored the influence of six months of moderate-intensity supervised aerobic training on the serum lipid profile, hs-CRP level, and variable-related correlations in prediabetic and type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM). DesignThe study was based on a two-arm parallel group pretest-posttest comparative design.Methods A total of 50 subjects who were diagnosed with diabetes for more than five years and aged 30-70 years were included in this study. The subjects were classified into two groups on the basis of their glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) values: Group 1 (patients with the prediabetes; HbA1c % ≤ 6.5, n = 25) and Group 2 (patients with the T2DM; HbA1c % ≥ 6.5, n = 25). Blood sugar, HbA1c %, insulin, lipid profile, and highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) were measured via colorimetric and immunoassay techniques at baseline and six months postintervention with moderate aerobic exercise. ResultsThe results revealed that participation in moderate aerobic training interventions for six months resulted in a significant reduction in BMI, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, hs-CRP, and lipid profile parameters such as T-Cholest, TG, and LDL-C as well as significant improvement in the level of insulin with a reduction in the values of HOMA-IR towards normal values in the patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) in group 1 and patients with diabetes in group 2 (P < 0.001). The change in VO 2 max with good physical fitness significantly improved with the exercise program after six months. The reduced levels of hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile and improved levels of insulin were significantly positively correlated with the levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) in the patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) and those with diabetes (P < 0.001) following six months of moderate aerobic training interventions. Moreover, hs-CRP was positively correlated with T-Cholest, TG, and LDL-C (p = 0.01) and negatively correlated with HDL-C. The data revealed improved glycemic control factors, lipid profiles, and hs-CRP levels as cardio-predictive markers in patients with both prediabetes and diabetes as well. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of physical activity gained from moderate exercise training for six months may counteract increased cardiovascular complications associated with increased CRP levels and lipid profiles in prediabetes and T2DM patients.
With increasing age, dyslipidemia becomes a common health problem in the middle-aged and elderly population, posing a significant risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, is considered to be effective in improving blood lipid levels, but the extent to which different types of aerobic exercise affect blood lipids is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of 12 different aerobic exercises on total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and over through systematic review and Bayesian network Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We systematically searched relevant databases and included eligible randomized controlled trials. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to compare the effects of 12 types of aerobic exercise on lipid levels. A total of 487 randomized controlled trials involving middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old were included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that all types of aerobic exercise could reduce blood lipid levels compared with no intervention in middle-aged and elderly people. In terms of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, swimming had the most significant effect. For HDL cholesterol, dance showed a better effect. Studies have shown that swimming and dancing have a positive effect on improving blood lipid levels in middle-aged and elderly people. It is recommended to choose the appropriate type of exercise according to personal preference and physical condition.
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