The effect of different types of in ovo selenium injection on the immunity, villi surface area, and growth performance of local chickens

Abstract

Background and Aim: The presence of free radicals may lower chicken's performance. Thus, the antioxidant defense is needed and can be made through a nutritional approach such as selenium supplementation before hatches. This study aimed to investigate the type of selenium that, as an in ovo feeding (IOF) material, can provide the most enhancement of immunity, villi surface area, and early growth performance of local chickens. Materials and Methods: This study, with a completely randomized design, used 480 fertile Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB, a selected local breed) chicken eggs, with 120 eggs per treatment for four treatments. The four treatments of IOF material included the treatment with organic selenium yeast (SY), organic hydroxy-selenomethionine (HSM), inorganic sodium selenite (SS), and uninjected selenium (control). A solution containing 0.15 ppm of different selenium was injected into the egg amnion after 18 days of incubation. Once hatched, the chicks were placed in three individual cages for each treatment (capacity of eight birds per cage). The parameters observed were the villi surface area, antibody titer, the number of total and differentiated leucocytes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity levels, and growth and feed efficiency of the early growth performance. Results: All the in ovo selenium feeding, except SS, significantly affected the villi surface area, antibody titer, and lymphocyte and heterophil percentages; however, the feedings were still not optimal for enhancing antibody titers and total and differentiated leukocytes. All types of selenium were demonstrated to increase the activity of GSH-Px significantly compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). Furthermore, the daily gain and feed conversion ratio of the groups treated with SY and HSM was significantly improved compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: In ovo SY and HSM improve immunity significantly, villi surface areas and performance. Therefore, both types are the best nutrient ingredients of IOF for building immunity and producing good performance in chickens.

In‌ ovo feeding of nutraceuticals and its role in adjusting the gastrointestinal tract, antioxidative properties, immunological response, and performance in poultry: An updated review

“…These results agree with Rajkumar et al (2015), who explained that IOF of vitamin E and glutamine helps in protecting the intestinal mucosa enterocytes, which consequently are involved in increasing cell proliferation and villus growth (Murakami et al 2007). Furthermore, IOF of organic or inorganic Se on day 18 of incubation increased villus surface area and villus length and width in the duodenum and ileum (Krisnan et al 2021).…”

“…The IOF of trace elements has gained extra attention due to their multiple physiological roles, such as activating several vital enzymes, promoting immunity, and alleviating the oxidative stress. Krisnan et al (2021) indicated that IOF of 0.15 ppm of organic or inorganic Se on day 18 of incubation improved the antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus and lymphocyte and heterophil percentages. These results are consistent with Ibrahim et al (2020), who illustrated that IOF of 10 ppb of nano-Se on day 18 of incubation increased serum concentrations of IgM, IgG, and total immunoglobulins and antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus.…”

“…It is widely known that IOF of l-ascorbic acid (2020), who showed that IOF of 10 ppb of nano-Se on day 18 of incubation increased serum concentrations of glutathione reductase and reduced MDA concentration at 35 days of broiler age. Also, Krisnan et al (2021) indicated that IOF of 0.15 ppm of organic or inorganic Se on 18 day of incubation elevated serum GSH-Px activity at 18 days of chicken age. Moreover, Geng et al (2022) noted that delivery of Mn (6.25, 12.5, 25.0, or 50.0 μg) via the in ovo route elevated SOD mRNA expression in the embryonic heart and might alleviate oxidative stress.…”

“…Likewise, Dunislawska et al (2017) reported that IOF of synbiotics (L. salivarius + galactooligosaccharides and L. plantarum + raffinose) had no negative effect on hatchability. Likewise, several studies elucidated that IOF of nutraceuticals, including Se (Hassan 2018;Krisnan et al 2021), vitamin E (Salary et al 2014;Rajkumar et al 2015), l-ascorbic (Mousstaaid et al 2022), Nigella sativa extract (Oke et al 2021), and l-methionine plus 3.40 mg l-cysteine (Elwan et al 2019) had no negative effects on hatchability, hatching weight and quality of new-born chicks. It might be reported that if the IOF of nutraceuticals does not improve the hatching traits, it will not harm them.…”

“…The majority of studies elucidated that IOF of nutraceuticals enhanced growth performance. Several publications documented that IOF of a mixture of carbohydrates and antioxidants (Asa et al 2022), Se (Hassan 2018;El-Deep et al 2020;Krisnan et al 2021), coenzyme Q10 (Kalantar et al 2019), Nigella sativa extract (Oke et al 2021), and folic acid (Li et al 2016) improved growth performance measurements. Additionally, a series of recent studies have indicated that IOF of amino acids enhanced growth performance (Yu et al 2018;Toghyani et al 2019;Ajayi et al 2022;Dang et al 2022;Gonzales et al 2022).…”