The effect of different treatment durations of clopidogrel in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and value of information analysis

Abstract

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Concepts of ‘Personalization’ in Personalized Medicine: Implications for Economic Evaluation

“…Value of information (VOI) methods provide a framework to quantify the need for further research [29, 30]. Of particular relevance in the context of personalization of medicine is that the population VOI of a specific decision depends, in part, on how many patients (the relevant study population) are affected by the technology adoption decision.…”

Unifying Research and Reimbursement Decisions: Case Studies Demonstrating the Sequence of Assessment and Judgments Required

“…The two case studies selected are 1) enhanced external counterpulsation for chronic stable angina (EECP), and 2) clopidogrel for the management of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (CLOP). The cost-effectiveness of EECP and clopidogrel has been examined previously as part of the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment program and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Multiple Technology Appraisal, respectively [11][12][13]. The existing methods of appraisal have been taken as the accepted starting point.…”

“…There is a large prevalent population (109,800) eligible for EECP relative to future incident cohorts (9500 per annum) in chronic stable angina [18]. For CLOP, given the acute nature of non-STsegment-elevation acute coronary syndrome, only incident populations are eligible for treatment (60,000 per annum) [13]. The total population NHE for EECP and CLOP, assuming the technologies will be used to treat the population over 10 years, is reported in Table 2.…”

An Economic Theory of the Fourth Hurdle

“…Net monetary or health benefits associated with the different decision options under consideration can then be calculated. The benefit derived from a limited budget is maximized if the decision option with the highest net benefit is chosen (Claxton, ; Briggs et al , ; Rogowski et al , ).…”