Six Olea europaea subspecies with distinct geographic areas are distinguished [1,2] (Fig. 1): subsp. europaea present in the Mediterranean Basin, with two botanical varieties: O. europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea for the cultivated forms, and O. e. subsp. e. var. sylvestris for wild and spontaneous trees (usually named oleasters) [2]; subsp. laperrinei in the Saharan mountains; subsp. cuspidata from southern Africa to southern Egypt and from Arabia to China; subsp. guanchica in the Canary Islands; subsp. maroccana in southern Morocco; subsp. cerasiformis in Madeira. The Mediterranean olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea; Oleaceae) is one of the first domesticated tree