The Effect of Different Remediation Treatments on Soil Fungal Communities in Rare Earth Tailings Soil

Abstract

Extensive mining of rare earth deposits has caused severe soil erosion, resulting in the degradation of plant–soil systems and the reduction in microbial diversity. Combined ecological remediation technology is the key method of vegetation reconstruction and ecological restoration in abandoned tailings. In this study, the effects of different cover crops–biochar–organic fertilizer and biochar–organic fertilizer treatments on soil fungal communities in rare earth tailings soil were analysed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to analyse saprophytic, mycorrhizal, and potential pathogenic fungi in soils after different combined remediations. Moreover, the effects of soil environmental factors on fungal community species’ composition were analysed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) after different combined remediations. LEfSe indicated a risk of citrus pathogenicity by Diaporthaceae indicator fungi after biochar–organic fertilizer combined treatment. RDA and VPA revealed that pH was the main environmental factor affecting the fungal community in the different combined remediation treatments. Additionally, the Paspalum wettsteinii cover crops–biochar–organic fertilizer and biochar–livestock manure treatments were more conducive to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi recruitment. We also clarified the fungal community composition structure, soil environmental factors, and fungal community relationships in rare earth tailings soil after different combined remediation treatments.

Artificial Humic Substances as Biomimetics of Natural Analogues: Production, Characteristics and Preferences Regarding Their Use

“…(Figure 3, Table 2). The palette of applications can be very wide, and this has already been confirmed in current studies (Table 4) [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117]. Analysis of the characteristics of artificial HSs from AW (Table 3) showed that it is possible to expect that they can be used in a similar or more effective manner in comparison with HSs from coal and peat.…”

“…Mixture of bamboo biochar and pig manure [112] Soil remediation Soil treatment with biochar-pig manure increased concentration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi…”

“…Hydrochar made from the digest of manure is effective as a soil improver for lettuce growth [115]. Biochar obtained via pyrolysis, when added to soil with cattle manure, causes changes in the content of microbial communities, increasing the number of fungi-plant symbionts [112]. Sources of nitrogen (N) are often added to natural HSs, or the HSs themselves are specially modified, for the subsequent slow release of nitrogen compounds into the soil for plant growth [118].…”

Sod Culture with Vicia villosa Alters the Diversity of Fungal Communities in Walnut Orchards for Sustainability Development

“…Arafat et al [14] discovered that beneficial fungal species decreased and soil pathogenic microorganisms increased following years of long-term tea monoculture, leading to reduced tea yield. Fungi are an abundant and important group of soil microorganisms [15] that can function as plant symbionts, pathogens, and decomposers [16,17]. Among soil symbiotic fungi, many plant roots establish reciprocal relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi [18], which aid in plant nutrient and water uptake [19].…”