The Effect of Different Flap Techniques on Bone Changes in Split Crest Ridges With Simultaneous Implant Placement.

Abstract

Statement of problem:-The maxillary ridge split treatment options, which include different flap techniques with simultaneous implant placement, may help eliminate the current undetermined best choice of treatment plan. Purpose: -The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate outcome of simultaneous implants placement in alveolar ridge split carried out by different flap approaches on marginal bone changes and survival rate. Materials and Methods: -English publications on the subject were searched to select articles up to December 2015. Articles in peerreviewed journals were searched in an electronic database (MEDLINE, Pub-Med and Cochran). Also, a manual search studies on humans was carried out. Two independent reviewers screened 855 papers. Result: -843 articles were excluded on the basis of the title and abstract. Full-text articles were obtained for the 12 selected publications. The 12 full texts were assessed by the two reviewers and 3studies were found fitting for inclusion. Conclusion: -The limited data indicates that the flap design does not affect bone changes and survival rate in ridge split procedure with simultaneous implant placement. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Clinical implications:-No current consensus has been published on which the more effective flap option in ridge split with simultaneous implant placement. Ridge Split Techniques show no significant difference in bone loss and high survival rates and therefore seems to be a predictable treatment modality for implant placement in narrow alveolar ridges.

Simulation and Optimization of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Mechanism

“…General Controller is used to model the PID position controller, which is a control loop mechanism employing feedback that continuously captures the tracking error value and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms. The following parameters are found in the PID controller scheme, according to Figure 18 (the notations from EASY5 are used) [61]: REF-controller input (i.e., the tracking error); S_Feedbackfeedback signal; GKP-proportional control gain; GKF-feedback gain; GKI-integration control gain; TC1-derivative action time constant (which is used as a lag time constant to calculate an approximate derivative from the error signal); TC2-feedback damping time constant (which is used in the feedback to help prevent an implicit loop); S_Out-controller output (i.e., the motor force); ERI-integrated error signal; ERV-intermediate output; and s-Laplace transform.…”