The Effect of Different Factors on the Composition of Human Milk. II. The Composition of Human Milk During Lactation

Tarjan, Robert E.; Krämer, M.; Szöke, K.; Lindner, K.; Szarvas, T.; Dworschák, E.

doi:10.1159/000175095

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, multiple studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases in adult can be prevented by higher serum cholesterol contents in breast‐fed babies . Our data indicated that the levels of cholesterol decreased from colostrum (15.2–22.6 mg per 100 g milk) to mature milk (13.8–16.6 mg per 100 g milk), in agreement with studies in other countries . Infants need enough cholesterol in the early stages to help their nervous system development, and because the cholesterol synthesis in the baby was not enough, it must be obtained from the diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal Changes of Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in Breast Milk and Relationship with Diet

Zhang

Zhuo

Liu

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Phospholipids (PLs) and cholesterol in human milk (HM) are affected by lactation, and differential lipids are closely related to maternal diet. The contents of PLs and cholesterol in Chinese HM are quantified by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively, and the relationship between differential lipids and the maternal diet is obtained by Pearson. The result shows that SFA, MUFA, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are not affected by lactation and geography for total fatty acids, but almost all sn‐2 fatty acids are influenced by geography and remain unchanged during lactation. Most SFAs show absolute sn‐2 selectivity and the majority of MUFAs and PUFAs are esterified at the sn‐1 position. Cholesterol (13.8–22.6 mg per 100 g milk) and 25‐hydroxycholesterol (0.45–1.01 mg per 100 g milk) increase significantly and remain constant during lactation, respectively, and they are affected by regions. In addition, the differential lipids (22:1n‐9, C9:0, trans‐PUFA, 22:4n‐6, etc.) of PLs are closely related to the maternal diet. PLs and cholesterol content differ from western research and infant formula, which will help to design an infant formula that is more suitable for Chinese babies in the future. Practical Application: Compared with PLs and cholesterol in western countries and infant formula, the specificity of Chinese HM can more accurately target the development of formulas suitable for the growth of Chinese infants. At the same time, according to the influence of the motherʼs diet on the composition of HM, it is more reasonable to guide the diet of the mother.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal Changes of Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in Breast Milk and Relationship with Diet

Zhang

Zhuo

Liu

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…There is only one report that we are aware of that provides data on free cholesterol in human milk. In milk from women 21-140 days postpartum, Tarjan et al (20) found that free cholesterol averaged 10.h mg/IOO ml with esterified cholesterol averaging 23.9%. Our values of 8.3 mg/IOO ml for free cholesterol and 19.7% for esterified cholesterol are in relatively good agreement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Lipids of Human Milk from 2 to 16 Weeks Postpartum

Clark,

Ferris,

Fey

et al. 1982

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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SummaryChanges in total lipid, fatty acids, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and lipid phosphorus in mature milk with time were investigated. Milk samples were collected from 10 mothers at 2, 6, 12, and 16 weeks postpartum. During 1 day, each mother donated two complete breast expressions. Expressions were taken using an electric breast pump 1 h after the previous a.m. and p.m. nursing. For each mother, the a.m. and p.m. samples were pooled for analysis. It was observed that the amount of total lipid increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 3.9g/100 ml at 2 weeks to 5.2 g/100 ml at 16 weeks postpartum. The total fatty acid composition remained uniform during the investigation. Average total cholesterol and free cholesterol in the milk were 10.3 mg/100 ml and 8.3 mg/100 ml, respectively. These concentrations did not change significantly with time postpartum. Average lipid phosphorus was 3.9 mg/100 ml and also remained constant throughout. We conclude that the fatty acid pattern, lipid phosphorus, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol of mature milk to 16 weeks postpartum remains relatively constant while total lipid concentration increases.

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“…Several workers have reported values for the vitamin E content of human milk throughout lactation and it is evident that the level is generally about twice that in cow's milk. Thus Tarjan et al (1965) found values in human colostrum and milk of 1330 and 280 /ig/100 ml respectively; Herre (1965) reported values in early lactation milk in winter and summer of 857 and 1470, and in late lactation milk in winter and summer of 568 and 1130 jig/100 ml, respectively; Wako & Kuratani (1962) found human milk to contain 297-1098/ig/100 ml, and Herting & Drury (1965) reported that human milk fat contained about 40 /tg/g fat.…”

Section: Humanmilkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with human milk were made in Hungary by Tarjan et al (1965), who investigated the effect of stage of lactation on vitamin levels in milk samples obtained during the first 140 days. The vitamin A content in colostrum was 248 i.u.…”

Section: Human Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section D. nutritive value of milk and milk products. Fat soluble vitamins in milk and milk products

Thompson¹

1968

Journal of Dairy Research

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CONTENTS Introduction 149 Addition of colouring matter to milk Vitamin A and carotenoids General, including methods of measurement Cow's milk Effect of dietary source of carotene Pasture Grass silage and artificially dried grass Kale, hay and other winter fodders Other sources of carotene Effect of season and geographical location Effect of breed Effect of stage of lactation Effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, to heat treatment and to storage Carotene and vitamin A content of butter and cheese Vitamin A and carotene in nutrition Addition of vitamin A to milk products 150 150 151 151 151 152 153 153 154 155 155 156 158 158 158 products Human milk Milk of other milch animals and of animals not normally used for milk production Vitamin D Methods of measurement Cow's milk Natural factors affecting the concentration in milk Vitamin D in nutrition Sow's milk Vitamin E General, and methods of measurement Cow's milk Factors influencing the level of vitamin E in milk and milk products Effect of processing Human milk Milk of giraffe, reindeer, okapi, kangaroo References

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The Effect of Different Factors on the Composition of Human Milk. II. The Composition of Human Milk During Lactation

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Temporal Changes of Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in Breast Milk and Relationship with Diet

Temporal Changes of Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in Breast Milk and Relationship with Diet

Changes in the Lipids of Human Milk from 2 to 16 Weeks Postpartum

Section D. nutritive value of milk and milk products. Fat soluble vitamins in milk and milk products

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