The effect of dietary protein level and ration level on excretion of ammonia in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

Chakraborty, Subhash Chandra; Ross, Liñdsay G.; Ross, Barbara

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(92)90184-r

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…0.05 Weilheim, Germany); samples for ammonia and urea determination were taken every 10 min and analyzed with the indophenol method before and after urease conversion. Chakraborty et al (1992) examined ammonia excretion in common carp after feeding and found that ammonia excretion returned to routine levels 24 h after feeding. Therefore, carp in our experiment were not fed the day before measurements took place.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Determination Of Routine Oxygen Consumption Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Energy Metabolism of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) When Exposed to Salt Stress: An Increase in Energy Expenditure or Effects of Starvation?

Boeck¹,

Vlaeminck²,

Linden³

et al. 2000

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

104

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Stenohaline common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were chronically exposed to the two main osmoregulatory ions, Na+ and Cl-, at levels close to their isoosmotic value for 28 d (171 mM NaCl; 324 mosm kg-1; 10 per thousand). The aim of this study was to assess whether or not the disturbed ion and osmoregulation affected the energy demand and the energy stores of the exposed fish. Salt exposure reduced food intake by 70% and had adverse effects on growth and survival. Although food consumption decreased and growth was seriously affected, routine oxygen consumption of the exposed fish did not drop, indicating a reallocation of energy expenditure from growth toward other processes. A stress-induced increase in plasma glucose was observed. As a result of low food intake, lower levels of protein were used for fuel. Protein use itself was probably replaced by the use of carbohydrates. These effects were confirmed by the depletion of both muscle and liver glycogen stores during the experimental period. We conclude that, besides the effects of reduced feeding, stress induced extra energy requirements leading to the depletion of energy stores.

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Section: Experiments 2: Determination Of Routine Oxygen Consumption Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Energy Metabolism of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) When Exposed to Salt Stress: An Increase in Energy Expenditure or Effects of Starvation?

Boeck¹,

Vlaeminck²,

Linden³

et al. 2000

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Oxygen concentrations were registered every 10 min during the measurement period, and at the same time samples for ammonia and urea determination were taken and analysed before and after urease conversion using the indophenol method (Sigma Kit 640-A, Sigma, Belgium). Chakraborty et al (1992) examined ammonia excretion peaks in common carp after feeding and found that ammonia excretion returned to routine levels 24 h after feeding. Therefore, carp in this experiment were not fed the day before measurements took place.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Determination Of Critical Oxygen Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress and resistance to hypoxic challenges in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Boeck¹,

Vlaeminck²,

Linden³

et al. 2000

Journal of Fish Biology

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Long term exposure to brackish water (171 m NaCl) affected the capacity of common carp Cyprinus carpio to deal with hypoxic conditions and the critical oxygen concentrations for oxygen consumption increased. In addition, regulation of ammonia excretion was lost. The cytosolic phosphorylation potential (the index of the energy status of a cell in terms of potential transferable phosphate groups) in the lateral muscle on the other hand remained relatively unaffected, indicating that oxygen transport to the tissues was not severely compromised. It appears that exposure to brackish water reduces the capacity of common carp to cope with hypoxic conditions mainly because of the high energetic cost of hyperventilation under conditions where energy stores are depleted, and not because of any impeded oxygen transport mechanisms. 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…Feeding results in increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide excretion, and excretion of nitrogenous waste (Brett & Zala 1975, Chakraborty et al 1992) which occurs mainly in the form of ammonia via diffusion from the plasma, through the lamellar epithelial bilayer, and into the 'unstirred boundary layer' overlying the lamellar epithelium (Wright & Wood 1985). The unstirred layer is comprised mainly of mucus and water but also accumulates cellular debris, enzymes, excretory products and other associated compounds.…”

Section: Host Physiological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feeding on the development of bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

MacPhee¹,

Ostland²,

Lumsden³

et al. 1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Three trials were conducted to determine if feeding influenced the development of bacterial gill disease (BGD) in fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following bath exposure to Flavobacterium branchiophilum (LAB 4a). In each trial (Trial 1. n = 70 X 3; Trial 2, n = 140 X 3 ; Trial 3, n = 250 X 3), the comparison groups (fed, unfed, negative controls) were held in similar conditions and (where applicable) fed prior to exposure to the pathogen. Severe clinical signs and high rates of mortality developed within 24 h in fish which were provided feed following the bath exposure. Cumulative mortalities ranged from 43 to 63% by 12 d post-exposure Unfed fish demonstrated only mild and transient clinical signs of BGD, and cumulative mortalities of 0 to 2 % 12 d post-exposure. In one trial, resumption of feeding 6 d post-exposure resulted in 26% cumulative mortality within 7 d. Estimation of the quantity of F branchiophilum antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that feeding facilitated colonization of the gill. The evaluation of water quality and direct observations suggest that the influence of feeding on BGD is linked to the consumption of feed by the fish, rather than to environmental changes arising from feeding. Alterations in the unstirred layer on the gill, secondary to feed consumption and waste excretion, may aid bacterial colonization.

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The effect of dietary protein level and ration level on excretion of ammonia in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

The Energy Metabolism of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) When Exposed to Salt Stress: An Increase in Energy Expenditure or Effects of Starvation?

The Energy Metabolism of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) When Exposed to Salt Stress: An Increase in Energy Expenditure or Effects of Starvation?

Salt stress and resistance to hypoxic challenges in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Influence of feeding on the development of bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

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