The effect of dietary bamboo charcoal supplementation on growth and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>L.)

Mabe, Lerato Tshepiso; Su, Shengyan; Tang, Dan; Zhu, Wenbin; Wang, Sunguo; Dong, Zaijie

doi:10.1111/are.13564

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In China, a dietary bamboo biochar was added to the feed of juvenile common carps at rates from 1% to 4% (Mabe et al, 2018). The biochar treatments did not produce any obvious effect on the growth performance of the carps compared to 0% control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of biochar in animal feeding

Schmidt¹,

Hagemann

Draper

et al. 2019

PeerJ

127

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Biochar, that is, carbonized biomass similar to charcoal, has been used in acute medical treatment of animals for many centuries. Since 2010, livestock farmers increasingly use biochar as a regular feed supplement to improve animal health, increase nutrient intake efficiency and thus productivity. As biochar gets enriched with nitrogen-rich organic compounds during the digestion process, the excreted biochar-manure becomes a more valuable organic fertilizer causing lower nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions during storage and soil application. Scientists only recently started to investigate the mechanisms of biochar in the different stages of animal digestion and thus most published results on biochar feeding are based so far on empirical studies. This review summarizes the state of knowledge up to the year 2019 by evaluating 112 relevant scientific publications on the topic to derive initial insights, discuss potential mechanisms behind observations and identify important knowledge gaps and future research needs. The literature analysis shows that in most studies and for all investigated farm animal species, positive effects on different parameters such as toxin adsorption, digestion, blood values, feed efficiency, meat quality and/or greenhouse gas emissions could be found when biochar was added to feed. A considerable number of studies provided statistically non-significant results, though tendencies were mostly positive. Rare negative effects were identified in regard to the immobilization of liposoluble feed ingredients (e.g., vitamin E or Carotenoids) which may limit long-term biochar feeding. We found that most of the studies did not systematically investigate biochar properties (which may vastly differ) and dosage, which is a major drawback for generalizing results. Our review demonstrates that the use of biochar as a feed additive has the potential to improve animal health, feed efficiency and livestock housing climate, to reduce nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions, and to increase the soil organic matter content and thus soil fertility when eventually applied to soil. In combination with other good practices, co-feeding of biochar may thus have the potential to improve the sustainability of animal husbandry. However, more systematic multi-disciplinary research is definitely needed to arrive at generalizable recommendations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of biochar in animal feeding

Schmidt¹,

Hagemann

Draper

et al. 2019

PeerJ

127

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“…ALT, AST, and ALP plasma levels decreased drastically at bamboo charcoal levels of 0.5% and 1% in red tilapia after a 60 day feeding trial [ 34 ]. In carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.), it was reported that the plasma levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were significantly lower when the bamboo charcoal content in the feed was 1–4% [ 25 ]. Nevertheless, the optimal level of dietary bamboo charcoal or activated carbon may vary between studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on the effects of dietary charcoal supplementation in animals have largely focused on mammals and some fish species, with a particular focus on animal growth [22][23][24][25]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of dietary charcoal supplementation on trace element uptake and antioxidant performance in fish have not been previously characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of Bamboo Charcoal to Selenium (Se)-Rich Feed Improves Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Jiang

Lin

Miao

et al. 2021

Animals

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The ability of bamboo charcoal to reduce the negative effects of high dietary selenium (Se) concentrations was assessed by feeding juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) one of five Se-rich diets (1.5 mg/kg Se; 36% protein, 8.7% lipid) containing graded levels (0–4 g/kg) of bamboo charcoal powder for eight weeks. There were four tanks (350 L) of fish (initial weight 16.0 ± 0.5 g) for each treatment, and the fish were fed to satiation four times each day. At the end of the feeding trial, all of the fish from each tank were weighed to calculate the growth performance. Blood samples were firstly obtained to collect plasma for the biochemical indexes determination. Liver tissues were then collected to determine the antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression. Dorsal muscles were also collected to determine the nutrient composition. The results show that when the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed ranged between 0 and 3 g/kg, the weight growth rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) values increased with the higher dietary bamboo charcoal content, and the maximum WGR and SGR values were achieved when the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed was 2–3 g/kg (p < 0.05). The Se content in muscle tissues decreased significantly with the increased bamboo charcoal content (p < 0.05) in the Se-rich feed, which ranged from 0 to 4 g/kg. When the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed was 2–3 g/kg, the levels of glucose (GLU) and albumin (ALB) in plasma reached a maximum (p < 0.05), whereas the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) reached a minimum (p < 0.05). Additionally, the activities of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) when the bamboo charcoal content was 3 g/kg. In contrast, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased sharply when the bamboo charcoal content in the Se-rich feed was 1 g/kg, compared to the control group and the groups supplemented with 2–3 g/kg bamboo charcoal (p < 0.05). Regarding mRNA-level gene expression, the results show that dietary supplementation with 0 to 3 g/kg of bamboo charcoal increased the expression of keap1 and nrf2, whereas nfkb expression was inhibited (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzymes cat, gpx, and mn-sod was consistently enhanced in the group fed with the 3 g/kg bamboo charcoal diet (p < 0.05). The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnfα and tgfβ was inhibited in the groups supplemented with 2–3 g/kg bamboo charcoal, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (il10) increased in the bamboo charcoal supplementation groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Generally, supplementation with 2–3 g/kg of bamboo charcoal in Se-rich feed improved the growth performance, physiological status, and antioxidant enzyme activities of blunt snout bream. Moreover, bamboo charcoal supplementation in Se-rich diets stimulated the antioxidant system and inhibited the inflammatory response by activating Nrf2-Keap1 and suppressing NF-κB.

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“…The hepatopancreas is the important digestive organ in fish (Liu et al, ). Significant rises in the activities of GOT and GPT in plasma are the important indications of hepatopancreas damage including degeneration, damage (rupture and leakage), and/or necrosis of hepatocytes in fish (Akrami, Gharaei, Mansour, & Galeshi, ; Mabe et al, ), which may result from the toxicity of certain xenobiotics. Data here showed that trichlorfon caused the increase in the activities of GOT and GPT in plasma of carp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extracts of Angelica sinensis restore the digestive and absorptive capacity through improving antioxidant status in digestive organs of fish treated with trichlorfon

Jiang

et al. 2018

Aquac Res

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Firstly, a linoleic acid emulsion and fish hepatopancreas homogenate were incubated with ethoxyquin and the extracts of Angelica sinensis. The results demonstrated that ethoxyquin showed the strongest protective effects against lipid oxidation of all of the examined compounds (p < 0.05). However, ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis at high concentrations showed a stronger effect on lipid oxidation than that of ethoxyquin (p < 0.05). Next, seven experimental diets that contained 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 g/kg of ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis were fed to seven groups of carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) respectively. After 60 days, carp were exposed to 2.4 mg trichlorfon/L in water for 4 days. The results displayed that trichlorfon exposure increased the contents of malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl in digestive organs and the activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in plasma, and decreased feed intake, the level of reduced glutathione, and the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, alpha-amylase, Na + ,K + -ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, antisuperoxide anion, antihydroxyl radical, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase in digestive organs of carp (p < 0.05). Moreover, the dietary ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis prevented the decrease in the above parameters in carp treated with trichlorfon (p < 0.05). These results revealed that the dietary ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis could quench the trichlorfon-induced structural and functional damage by improving the antioxidative capacity of the digestive organs of fish. Therefore, the extract of Angelica sinensis could be used as an inhibitor of trichlorfon stress in fish. K E Y W O R D SAngelica sinensis, digestion and absorption, lipid oxidation, oxidative damage, trichlorfon

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The effect of dietary bamboo charcoal supplementation on growth and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

The use of biochar in animal feeding

The use of biochar in animal feeding

Addition of Bamboo Charcoal to Selenium (Se)-Rich Feed Improves Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

The extracts of Angelica sinensis restore the digestive and absorptive capacity through improving antioxidant status in digestive organs of fish treated with trichlorfon

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