The Effect of Diet on Growth Rate and Feed Efficiency in the Normal Rat

Lushbough, C. H.; Schweigert, B. S.

doi:10.1093/jn/70.2.252

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To investigate how food consumption shifts body weight gain, feed efficiency, which refers to the ratio between the weight gained by the animal and the weight of the feed consumed by the animal over a period of time [feed efficiency = (weight gain/food intake) × 100%], was applied. 17 The results demonstrated that during the experimental period, the feed efficiencies of ND, HFD, HFD + lovastatin (100 mg/kg), HFD + Coptidis preparation (1 g/kg), and HFD + lovastatin (50 mg/kg) + Coptidis preparation (1 g/kg) experimental groups were 32.66 ± 1.34, 58.91 ± 5.21, 51.33 ± 4.04, 55.03 ± 4.16, and 53.33 ± 4.95%, respectively. The feed efficiencies of the HFD group and drug treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the ND group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Coptidis Preparation in Combination with Lovastatin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

et al. 2021

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Lovastatin is a standard therapy for dyslipidemia. Alternatively, some ethnomedicines, such as Coptidis preparation, have been used for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Statins and complementary and alternative medicines may possess individual mechanisms of action against dyslipidemia. We hypothesize that the combination of Coptidis preparation and lovastatin may have synergistic effects for the treatment of dyslipidemia. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to monitor lovastatin and its metabolites for pharmacokinetic studies in rats. This study was divided into four groups: lovastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) alone and lovastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) + Coptidis preparation (0.3, 1, or 3 g/kg, p.o.) for five consecutive days. In pharmacodynamic studies, a high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce dyslipidemia in experimental rat models. The HFD rats were divided into four groups: treatment with HFD, HFD + lovastatin (100 mg/kg, p.o.), HFD + Coptidis preparation (1 g/kg, p.o.), and HFD + lovastatin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) + Coptidis preparation (1 g/kg, p.o.) for 28 consecutive days. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that Coptidis preparation significantly augmented the conversion of lovastatin into its main metabolite lovastatin acid in vivo. The pharmacodynamic results revealed that the Coptidis preparation and half-dose lovastatin group reduced the body weight, liver weight, and visceral fat in HFD rats. These findings provide constructive preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic applications of Coptidis preparation on the benefit of hyperlipidemia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Coptidis Preparation in Combination with Lovastatin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

et al. 2021

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“…Although specific instances in which physiological fuel values were different from the Atwater values were apparently not identified, this distinction does allow for the possibility that the energy from various fuel sources might not be used with the same efficiency. There is, in fact, a considerable literature (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) indicating that the energy from dietary fat is more efficiently utilized than the energy from carbohydrate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficiency of utilization of various sources of energy for growth.

Donato¹,

Hegsted²

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The relative efficiency of dietary sucrose, protein sources, and fats in depositing body protein and fat (total energy) was directly estimated in young rats by feeding graded levels of each as supplements to a fixed amount of a basal diet that was presumably adequate in all essential nutrients except for energy. Under these conditions, the net gain in total body energy was a linear function of the amount of supplement added and the data fulfill the criteria of a valid slope-ratio bioassay. The available energy measured by this technique for sucrose and protein were similar, as would be expected. Dietary Rice et al. (9) and that the available energy from dietary fat under these conditions compared to sucrose is substantially larger than predicted from the Atwater values. METHODSThe design of the four experiments reported was similar to that proposed by Rice et al. (9). The three basal diets used (Table 1) were formulated to provide all of the essential nutrients when fed in limiting amounts, so the added energy supplement would be the only variable to affect the rates of weight gain and change in body composition. The weanling male rats of the Charles River strain (Charles River Breeding Laboratories) used in the four experiments received daily 5 g of one of the basal diets to which a fixed amount of the energy supplement under study was added.In each experiment, groups of animals received graded levels of sucrose. The response of these animals was compared to those that received fat (Spry, Lever Brothers), casein (General Biochemicals), or gluten (General Biochemicals). The amounts of the various supplements provided in the four different experiments are shown in the tables.After the weanling rats were received in the laboratory, they were fed a laboratory rat chow for 3 days and 5 g of the basal diet for the next 3 days. They were then divided into groups of similar mean weight. Each group in experiments 1 and 2 contained five animals; there were four animals per group in experiments 3 and 4. In each experiment, one group of animals was killed for analysis of body composition. The remaining animals received the appropriate diet for 21 days and were then killed for analysis. § The animals were housed in raised individual cages, kept at a constant temperature and humidity, and weighed two or three times weekly. Papers were placed under the cages so that any spilled food could be weighed and an equivalent amount added to the diet in the next few days. Fortunately, spillage was insignificant.When the animals were killed, the stomach and cecum were removed and discarded to avoid residual food, and the

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