The effect of diet-induced serum hypercholesterolemia on the surfactant system and the development of lung injury

Milos, Scott; Hiansen, Joshua Qua; Banaschewski, Brandon John Harrison; Zuo, Yi; Yao, Li–Juan; McCaig, Lynda; Lewis, James F.; Yamashita, Cory; Veldhuizen, Ruud A. W.

doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.009

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A Bio-Plex 200 readout system was utilized from Bio-Rad (Santa Rosa, CA, USA) and cytokine levels (pg/mL) were automatically calculated from standard curves using Bio-Plex Manager software (v. 4.1.1, Bio-Rad). An aliquot of the 150× g supernatant was also analyzed through a Duck-Chong phosphorous assay as previously described [ 17 ]. Briefly, the total amount of surfactant in the lavage was determined through the measurement of phospholipid-phosphorus [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Surfactant as a Pulmonary Delivery Vehicle for Budesonide In Vivo

Baer

McCaig

Yamashita

et al. 2020

Lung

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Background Lung inflammation is associated with many respiratory conditions. Consequently, anti-inflammatory medications, like glucocorticoids, have become mainstay intrapulmonary therapeutics. However, their effectiveness for treating inflammation occurring in the alveolar regions of the lung is limited by suboptimal delivery. To improve the pulmonary distribution of glucocorticoids, such as budesonide to distal regions of the lung, exogenous surfactant has been proposed as an ideal delivery vehicle for such therapies. It was therefore hypothesized that fortifying an exogenous surfactant (BLES) with budesonide would enhance efficacy for treating pulmonary inflammation in vivo. Methods An intratracheal instillation of heat-killed bacteria was used to elicit an inflammatory response in the lungs of male and female rats. Thirty minutes after this initial instillation, either budesonide or BLES combined with budesonide was administered intratracheally. To evaluate the efficacy of surfactant delivery, various markers of inflammation were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue. Results Although budesonide exhibited anti-inflammatory effects when administered alone, delivery with BLES enhanced those effects by lowering the lavage neutrophil counts and myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue. Combining budesonide with BLES was also shown to reduce several other pro-inflammatory mediators. These results were shown across both sexes, with no observed sex differences. Conclusion Based on these findings, it was concluded that exogenous surfactant can enhance the delivery and efficacy of budesonide in vivo.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Surfactant as a Pulmonary Delivery Vehicle for Budesonide In Vivo

Baer

McCaig

Yamashita

et al. 2020

Lung

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“…Cholesterol plays an essential role in the activation/dysregulation of the immune response and in the onset and pathogenesis of ARDS. 118 119 Cholesterol via the transport protein apolipoprotein E (apoE) enhances the endocytic entry of SARS-CoV-2 to target cells. 120 It could be involved in endothelial injury in COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Antithrombotic and Vascular Modulating Treatments In Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH.

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“…Cholesterol plays an essential role in the activation/dysregulation of the immune response and in the onset and pathogenesis of ARDS. 118,119 Cholesterol via the transport protein apolipoprotein E (apoE) enhances the endocytic entry of SARS-CoV-2 to target cells. 120 It could be involved in endothelial injury in COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Statins In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%