The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Intestinal Integrity and Microbial Diversity in Mice

Campbell, Sara C.; Wisniewski, Paul; Noji, Michael; McGuinness, Lora R.; Häggblom, Max M.; Lightfoot, Stanley; Joseph, Laurie B.; Kerkhof, Lee J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150502

Cited by 208 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…89,90 In adult rodents, exercise changes the gut microbial populations. [140][141][142][143] In turn, the composition of the gut microbiota may influence exercise performance of mice through anti-oxidant enzyme production. 144 In mice, exercise attenuates gut dysbiosis due to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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“…Matsumoto et al [45] were among the first to report that physical exercise modifies intestinal microbiota composition. More recently, it has been shown that the effects of exercise on intestinal microbiota are partly independent from dietary changes [76]. Studies have suggested that moderate aerobic exercise may contribute to the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria [77].…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Colonic Luminal Content Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colon epithelial cells luminal environment and physiopathological consequences: impact of nutrition and exercise

Blachier

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Leite

et al. 2018

Nutrire

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The colonic epithelial cells represent a border between the colon luminal content, containing notably bacteria and a complex mixture of compounds, and the "milieu interieur" as defined by the French physiologist Claude Bernard. The physical-chemical composition of the luminal content, including luminal pH and bacterial metabolite, that obviously is not constant, is modified for instance according to the diet. Data obtained recently indicate that physical exercise may also modify the colonic luminal content. Evidence has indicated that modification of the luminal content characteristics has, indeed, consequences for the colonic epithelial cells, notably in terms of energy metabolism and DNA integrity. Although such alterations impact presumably the homeostatic process of the colonic epithelium renewal and the epithelial barrier function, their contribution to pathological processes like mucosal inflammation, pre-neoplasia, and neoplasia remains partly elusive. Open questions remain regarding the individual and collective roles of luminal changes, particularly in a long-term perspective. These questions are related particularly to the capacity of the bacterial metabolites to cross the mucus layer before entering the colonocytes, to the concentrations of metabolites in proximity of the colonic crypt stem cells, and to the capacity of colonocytes to detoxicate deleterious compounds, to take up and utilize beneficial compounds.

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“…High fat diet (HFD) induces metabolic and gut microbial changes [20][21][22] Although, exercise has shown to effectively reverse some of the detrimental metabolic effects of a HFD, the potential effect of exercise restoring the altered microbiota caused by HFD is still on debate. An 8-week, four-arm study analyzed the effect of HFD (60% of calories from fat) and exercise (1 h/ session, 6 d/week for 8 weeks at a speed of 7 m/min) on gut diversity.…”

Section: Exercise and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of diet differed among the studies, the study performed by Kang et al [20] utilized a 60% fat-based diet, while the diets provided by both Denou & Campbell et al [21,22] consisted on a 45% fat-based diet. The studies that involved the diet with 45% of energy coming from fat were able to revert with exercise the effects in the microbiota caused by HFD, while the study utilizing a higher percentage of fat (60%) was not able to observe this restoration.…”

Section: Exercise and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of training protocol is the second variable that could have contributed to the differential results. The study performed by Kang et al [20] used continuous aerobic exercise (7 m/min, 1h/day, 6d/week for 8 weeks), the study by Denou et al [21] involved high intensity interval training (17m/min for 2 min at a 5 % rate with 2min resting intervals, 1 h/day, 3 d/week for 6 d/ week), while the study by Campbell et al [22] involved free wheel running (12 weeks). The intensity of the workout might have a different effect in the oxygen provision to the colon which has shown to affect the kind of bacteria that is able to survive (aerobic versus anaerobic bacteria).…”

Section: Exercise and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Dietary Factors Affecting the Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Willoughby

2017

JNHFE

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Gut microbiota degrades complex polysaccharides and synthesizes short chain fatty acids that regulate the intestinal barrier by stimulating mucin synthesis. Mucin maintains the integrity of the gut by forming a mucus layer that covers and protects the intestinal epithelium. Lactate-and butyrate-producing bacteria maintain gut integrity in healthy individuals, while non-butyrate-producing, lactate-utilizing bacteria prevent optimal mucin synthesis. The effect of the microbiota on the host physiology was first observed with animal experiments involving fecal transplantation, in which impressive metabolic effects were passed from the donor to the host. These experiments showed that the microbiota from obese donors has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet, thus affecting body composition in the long term. One of the potential mechanisms through which the microbiota could affect body composition is by regulating the delivery of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones, as it has been shown that the concentration of these hormones is correlated with several groups of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has not only been linked to body composition outcomes but also to the development and severity of certain metabolic abnormalities such as autoimmune diseases (type I diabetes and lupus), necrotizing enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, acute diarrheal infections, and frailty. It is well established that lifestyle factors such as exercise, diet, and supplementation with pre-and/or probiotics affects the gut microbiota. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of exercise, diet, and supplementation with pre-and/or probiotics on the gut microbiota of humans and animals models. Clinical perspectives and future research areas will also be discussed.

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The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Intestinal Integrity and Microbial Diversity in Mice

Cited by 208 publications

References 58 publications

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Colon epithelial cells luminal environment and physiopathological consequences: impact of nutrition and exercise

Exercise and Dietary Factors Affecting the Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

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