The effect of dichlorvos on cultured human lymphocytes

Dean, Brian

doi:10.1007/bf00605276

Cited by 35 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…contradictory results were obtained. In cultured human lymphocytes treated at a concentration of40pg/m1 for various times, no increase of the chromosome damage (chromatid breaks and gaps) was reported (Dean 1972) but only toxic effects, which were confirmed by further researches (Schoeller, unpublished results, quoted in Fahrig 1974;Wild 1975).…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Metrifonate and Dichlorvos: Cytogenetic Investigations

Moutschen-Dahmen

Degraeve

1981

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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Contradictory results are found in the literature about the cytogenetical effects of dichlorvos and metrifonate in mammals whereas their chromosome breaking ability was demonstrated in plant and Drosophila cells. They were tested on both in vitro and in vivo cells for chromosome breakage. Dominant lethal mutations were also investigated in mouse as well as epidemiological studies in man. In our experiments on mouse bone marrow and testis, one acute dose was injected respectively: 10 mg/kg for dichlorvos and 100 mg/kg for metrifonate. These experiments failed to reveal any clastogenic effect in these test systems as well as in chronic treatments respectively 2 p.p.m./5 days a week for 7 weeks for dichlorvos and 0.5 p.p.m. 5 days a week for 7 weeks for metrifonate. In an investigation of dominant lethal mutations, dichlorvos did not enhance the frequency of dead embryos but the frequency of pre‐implantation losses was significantly increased in two specific periods of the seven investigated. In the same test, metrifonate did not produce any effect. These data are compared with those obtained with trimethylphosphate and MMS taken as positive controls. These results will serve to reevaluate the cytogenetical risks of dichlorvos and metrifonate.

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Metrifonate and Dichlorvos: Cytogenetic Investigations

Moutschen-Dahmen

Degraeve

1981

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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“…The IC50 of dichlorovos in HCT 116 (human colon carcinoma cells) was found to be 300 µM for 24 hours treatment. (28) The effect of Dichlorvos was studied on human lymphocytes by Dean, B. J et al (29) and he found that Dichlorvos had a cytotoxic effect on the cells at concentrations of 5 to 40µg/ml, but no significant cytogenetic changes were observed. It was observed by Perocco Paolo and Fini Angela (4) that it damages human lymphocytes DNA causing low DNA repair synthesis and it interferes with the process of reparative synthesis of DNA in lymphocytes exposed to UV rays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study of cytotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides (Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Dichlorvos) and natural products (Neem oil and Dashparni ark) on human peripheral lymphocytes by MTT and Trypan blue assay

Khanna,

Bhatele,

Gautam

et al. 2023

IJAM

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It is a well-known fact that the human population of India is increasing very fast. Everybody needs food to survive. Agricultural products must be boosted by adding adequate fertilisers and using appropriate insecticides. Organophosphates are one of the most frequently used insecticides. Their overuse leads to soil contamination by agricultural runoff. The insecticides may enter drinking water as well. Since organophosphates are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, they can be dangerous for human health if abnormal amounts are present in drinking water or are consumed as residues on fruits and vegetables. Hence, a toxicity study by MTT and Trypan Blue Assay of three common insecticides (Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Dichlorvos) and two natural products (Dashparnik ark and Neem oil) on lymphocytes was taken up. The insecticides were used at concentrations of 1mM, 4mM, 8mM and 12mM. It was found that at 4 hours of incubation at 1mM Imidacloprid showed the greatest drop in viability followed by Dichlorvos and the least harm was caused by Profenofos. The drop was consistent and dose dependent in the case of Profenofos, whereas at a higher concentration the viability generally increased. For 18 hours of incubation, the same trend was observed, but the decrease and increase were more pronounced. In the case of Profenofos and Dichlorvos the viability percent rises above that of the control. It was probably due to the defense mechanism involving the P450 detoxification pathway of the cells, which is activated if they are exposed to a higher concentration of the damaging factors. This is also supported by other workers mentioned in the discussion section of this paper. The damage to the cells, as evident in the fall in viability, was of lesser magnitude when organic insecticides were used. In the case of Neem nano-drop emulsion, a significant fall in viability was noted only at 2mg/ml. However, it is not sprayed as a nano-emulsion because it is not particularly harmful. The fourth insecticide that was taken up for study was Dashparni Ark. In this case, at 5µl/ml of distilled water (obtained by dilution) very little damage was evident, but at higher concentration it boosted the viability. Apparently, the extract of leaves fermented in cow urine and cow dung was less damaging than that of other insecticides. Thus, organic insecticides are safer to use because they are ecofriendly and do not harm non-target organisms. This is written on the basis of MTT assay results.

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“…Today many in I'itro methods are very important in development of product, drug discovery, testing of chemotherapeutic agents and natural or synthetic immunomodulators and for monitoring of environmental contamination Anderson et al 1986;Chan et aL 1991;Cossarini-Dunier et aL 1990;Dean 1972;Dunier et aL 1991;Elsasser et al 1986: Fisher andMueller 1981;Holsapple et aL 1986;Roux et al 1979;Siwicki et al 1989;Dunier 1994: Urban andJarstrand 1986) This article will review briefly the application of various in vitro methods to study the influence of different enyironmental chemicals and xenobiotics on the immunocompetent cells in fish -a very important aquatic bioindicator and model for experimental immunotoxicological investigation.…”

Section: Fish Immwlotoxicolog\· Ill Vitro Techniqllesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Immunotoxicology - Practical Application

Siwicki¹,

Morand²,

Studnicka³

1998

Acta Vet. Brno

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The ill vitro immunology is one of the most important directions in immunotoxicology. At present. many ill vitro methods are used in control drug discovery. agents for chemotherapeutics and for monitoring of environmental contamination. In this paper, we present various methods which could by used for examination of the influence of different environmental chemicals and other xenobiotics on the immunocompetent cell activity in fish. The chemiluminescence response assay is important for study the phagocyte activity and the proliferative response assay of lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens is very important method for study the effects of xenobiotics on the lymphocyte T and B activities. We also demonstrate that ill vitro immune response assay analyzed by PFC and ELISPOT are very sensitive techniques for studies of the effects of xenobiOlics on the antibody secreting cells. Fish. immwlOtoxicolog\·. ill vitro techniqlles

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The effect of dichlorvos on cultured human lymphocytes

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Metrifonate and Dichlorvos: Cytogenetic Investigations

Metrifonate and Dichlorvos: Cytogenetic Investigations

An in vitro study of cytotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides (Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Dichlorvos) and natural products (Neem oil and Dashparni ark) on human peripheral lymphocytes by MTT and Trypan blue assay

In vitro Immunotoxicology - Practical Application

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