The Effect of DI Nozzle Fouling on Fuel Spray Characteristics

Winterbone, D. E.; Clough, E.; Rao, K. K.; Richards, Paul; Williams, David B.

doi:10.4271/922232

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The resulting deposits have the potential to restrict the hydraulic flow in the nozzle holes, thereby reducing maximum flow rate and engine power. Such deposits can also affect the fuel spray quality, resulting in increased fuel consumption and emissions [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles

Birgel¹,

Ladommatos²,

Aleiferis³

et al. 2011

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Current developments in fuels and emissions regulations are resulting in an increasingly severe operating environment for diesel fuel injection systems. The formation of deposits within the holes or on the outside of the injector nozzle can affect the overall system performance. The rate of deposit formation is affected by a number of parameters, including operating conditions and fuel composition. For the work reported here an accelerated test procedure was developed to evaluate the relative importance of some of these parameters in a high pressure common rail fuel injection system. The resulting methodology produced measurable deposits in a custom made injector nozzle on a single cylinder engine. The results indicate that fuels containing 30%v/v and 100% Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), that does not meet EN 14214 produced more deposit than an EN590 petroleum diesel fuel. Overall, the addition of zinc to the fuel had the biggest effect on deposit formation and resulted in a 12.2% decrease in Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP). The effects of zinc were unexpectedly reduced when it was added to fuel containing 30%v/v biodiesel. Reducing the common-rail pressure with 30%v/v biodiesel (no added zinc) increased the loss in IMEP. Raising the air and fuel temperatures by 40°C and 30°C respectively showed no bigger loss in IMEP. The results indicate that deposit formation may continue after engine shut down.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles

Birgel¹,

Ladommatos²,

Aleiferis³

et al. 2011

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This leads to higher fuel consumption and deteriorated combustion so that the exhaust emissions increase. Such influences have already been reported in the literature [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…This may also enable investigations of the influence of different engine and injection operating parameters as it keeps the flow conditions in the nozzle constant. Different versions of this type of test were used in references [2,3,16,17].…”

Section: Test Cycles and Optical Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles: A Critical Review

Birgel¹,

Ladommatos²,

Aleiferis³

et al. 2008

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Current developments in fuels and emissions regulations are resulting in increasingly severe operating environment for the injection system. Formation of deposits within the holes of the injector nozzle or on the outside of the injector tip may have an adverse effect on overall system performance. This paper provides a critical review of the current understanding of the main factors affecting deposit formation.Two main types of engine test cycles, which attempt to simulate field conditions, are described in the literature. The first type involves cycling between high and low load. The second involves steady state operation at constant speed either at medium or high load.

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“…Nozzle fouling obstructs the restricted fiow-areas at the needle-seat passage and in the holes, thus reducing the injector flow-rate and altering the spray symmetry [14]. Furthermore, the lift-off length is reduced, mainly due to the additional heat transfer from nozzle-tip deposits to the fuel jet, and the spray penetration deteriorates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diesel Injector Coking: Optical-Chemical Analysis of Deposits and Influence on Injected Flow-Rate, Fuel Spray and Engine Performance

D’Ambrosio

Ferrari

2012

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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The physical origin of injector coking in diesel engines has been clarified and the most critical design parameters and operating variables pertaining to the occurrence of the phenomenon have been identified. Fouling has been shown to be affected by many factors, such as injector temperature, nozzle configuration, hole diameter and conicity as well as fuel composition. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SFM) analyses have been conducted both inside and outside injectors of different type and four locations have been identified as the main deposition sites. Furthermore, different coking typologies, i.e., dry and wet coking, have been assessed and discussed. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy images of the deposits on the spray hole walls have revealed that minute quantities ofZn catalyze the coking reactions to a great extent. Significant quantities ofZn have also been found in the injector deposits. An extensive experimental test campaign has been carried out at the engine test bench with different nozzle setups in order to evaluate performance deterioration after different ageing procedures. The effects of both the Zn concentration in the fuel and running time have been assessed separately on the fouling rate. Injection rate time histories have been acquired at the hydraulic test rig, under different working conditions, for both new and aged injectors. The experimental changes in the EVI profiles subsequent to fouling have been analyzed and related to the corresponding variations in engine power measured at the engine test bench. A previously developed combustion multi-zone diagnostic model has also been applied to gain a further insight into the cause and effect relationships between the experimental in-cylinder pressure time histories and engine-out emissions.

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The Effect of DI Nozzle Fouling on Fuel Spray Characteristics

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Investigations on Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles

Investigations on Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles

Deposit Formation in the Holes of Diesel Injector Nozzles: A Critical Review

Diesel Injector Coking: Optical-Chemical Analysis of Deposits and Influence on Injected Flow-Rate, Fuel Spray and Engine Performance

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