The effect of depression on motor function and disease severity of Parkinson's disease

Subthreshold depression in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia––clinical and demographic correlates

“…A relationship between depression and age, age at onset, more severe parkinsonism, more functional impairment, specific motor symptom subtypes, female gender and low MMSE score has been reported in some studies (Brown et al, 1988;Starkstein et al, 1992;Tandberg et al, 1996Tandberg et al, , 1997Leentjens et al, 2002;Rojo et al, 2003;Weintraub et al, 2004;Papapetropoulos et al, 2006). Other studies have reported an association between depression and the akinetic-rigid type of PD (Starkstein et al, 1998), and with left-sided (Fleminger, 1991) or right-sided (Starkstein et al, 1990b;Cole et al, 1996) parkinsonism.…”

Prevalence of depression in Parkinson's disease: Effects of disease stage, motor subtype and gender

“…Several studies have reported an association between depression and different motor symptoms, such as tremor [15,16], PIGD [15,21,22] and hypokinesia-rigidity [16,23,24]. However, other studies did not find a difference in depression prevalence among the different motor symptoms [10,25].…”

Assessment methods and factors associated with depression in Parkinson's disease

“…While Wichowicz et al (2006) [11] showed a positive relationship and two other studies [12,13] reported non-linear relationships between depression and the severity or stage of PD, a few studies have suggested no relationship [13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, studies have indicated that the association between impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) and depression is equal if not stronger than that between motor disability and depression [11,[18][19][20]. Our analysis clearly indicated that an increased motor disability was associated with depression in PD [10].…”