Abstract.Composite wind blades of 1m long comprising glass-fabric/epoxy skins and a sandwich plate-type spar were designed and fabricated for static testing. In the composite wind blades, the spar supports the top and bottom skins to form the airfoil shape of NACA4418. The blades were tested to failure and the failure modes were identified at different loading stages. A structural failure analysis method which consists of a geometrically nonlinear finite element (FE) model and appropriate phenomenological failure criteria is used to study the progressive failure behaviours of the blades subjected to different types of quasi-static loads. The experimental load-displacement curves as well as failure loads and locations for different failure modes are used to validate the suitability of the proposed failure analysis method.
IntroductionIn a wind turbine, the wind blades are used to convert wind energy to electrical power. To attain high efficiency, the structure of a wind blade is required to be light and have small mass moment of inertia so that they can response swiftly to wind direction change and have low cut-in wind speed. During the operating life of a wind turbine, the wind blades have to survive the attack of severe environment. In particular, a wind blade has to be able to sustain the extreme wind loads that may occur during its lifetime. Such load carrying capacity requirement has made the failure analysis of a wind turbine blade become an important topic of research, especially the determination of the failure behaviour of the blade under an extreme wind load. Recently, many papers [1][2][3][4][5] have been devoted to study the failure behaviour of wind turbine blades subjected to quasi-static loads. In the previous studies, the failure modes and their criticality have been studied in the failure analysis of the wind blades. Due to their different structural configurations and loading conditions, large and small composite wind blades may have distinct mechanical behaviours and failure modes. Therefore, to assure the reliability of small wind blades, it is desired to have a deeper understanding about the actual blade failure behaviour. In this paper, the progressive failure behaviour of 1m long composite wind blades comprising a sandwich spar is studied via both experimental and theoretical approaches. The small composite wind blades were subjected to either load-or stroke-control testing. A structural failure analysis procedure is used to analyse the nonlinear failure behaviour of the blades. The experimental results are used to validate the suitability of the proposed failure analysis method.