The effect of defoliation practice in Western Australia on tiller development of annual ryegrass (<i>Lolium rigidum</i>) and Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) and its association with forage quality

Callow, M. N.; Michell, PJ; Baker, J. E.; Hough, GM

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2494.2000.00220.x

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this present study, the rapid decline in forage quality of perennial ryegrass was estimated to coincide with the 3-leaf stage. The immediate decline in fescue IVDMD during spring was presumably associated with reproductive development and the harvest of low-quality stem (Callow et al 2000;Cherney et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry matter yield, forage quality and persistence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a subtropical environment

Callow¹,

Lowe²,

Bowdler³

et al. 2003

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The dry matter (DM) yield, plant persistence and forage quality of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were compared in the subtropical environment of southern Queensland, Australia. The field study was conducted under irrigation with pure, nitrogen fertilised stands of 10 commercial tall fescue cultivars (Advance, AU Triumph, Bombina, Cajun, Dovey, Maximise, Midwin, Torpedo, Quantum and Vulcan), 3 experimental cultivars (ITF 97010, ITF 97020 and PWF 29) and Dobson perennial ryegrass. From July 1997, plots were defoliated at 4-week intervals for 3 years. Changes in crude protein content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post-defoliation in October (spring) 1997, January (summer), March (autumn), June (winter) and September (spring) 1998.Some cultivars of irrigated tall fescue were shown to be better adapted to a subtropical environment than perennial ryegrass. After 3 years, cumulative DM yields were in excess of 30 t/ha for Dovey, Quantum, ITF 97010, AU Triumph and Cajun tall fescue compared with 12 t/ha from Dobson perennial ryegrass swards.Plant development had a considerable influence on crude protein content and IVDMD of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass, more so than the length of the regrowth period. As plant tissue matured, the forage quality during spring declined linearly for crude protein content and for IVDMD (1998 only), and declined exponentially for IVDMD during spring (1997), summer, autumn and winter (1998). Quality losses may be minimised if tall fescue cultivars are defoliated every 2-3 weeks during spring and summer and every 3-4 weeks during autumn and winter.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry matter yield, forage quality and persistence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a subtropical environment

Callow¹,

Lowe²,

Bowdler³

et al. 2003

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If ryegrass ear emergence dates were similar for all cultivars and all pastures were grazed simultaneously, the decision when to harvest pasture for conservation could be determined consistently and accurately from the onset of the accumulation period. However, onset of inflorescence emergence of annual ryegrass cultivars ranges from September to November with consequent changes in DM yield and forage quality (Terry and Tilley, 1964; Hacker and Minson, 1981; Callow et al ., 2000). Furthermore, rotational grazing inherently alters the commencement of the accumulation period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of accumulation period and harvest date in spring on dry‐matter yield and forage quality in mixed swards containing Lolium spp. and Trifolium subterraneum in Western Australia

Callow

Baker

Hough

2001

Grass and Forage Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The object of this study was to determine the effect of closing date and date of harvest for conservation (accumulation period), on dry‐matter (DM) yield and forage quality of annual pasture in Western Australia. The field study comprised 48 plots, 2 m × 2 m, sown with either annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) or Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.), and mixed with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Defoliation of swards until the end of winter was at the three leaves tiller–1 stage. In spring, once stem nodal development had commenced, swards were defoliated every 3–4 weeks. Swards were defoliated either twice with three leaves tiller–1 (accumulation period 1 commenced on 15 August); twice with three leaves tiller–1 and then once after 4 weeks (accumulation period 2 commenced on 11 September); twice with three leaves tiller–1 and then twice after 4‐week intervals (accumulation period 3 commenced on 9 October) or; twice with 3 leaves tiller–1 and then twice after 4‐week intervals and then once after 3 weeks (accumulation period 4 commenced on 30 October). From the commencement of the accumulation period, tiller density, DM yield and forage quality were determined weekly for up to 10 weeks. There was a positive quadratic association between DM yield and days after the commencement of the accumulation period. Yields were maximized from accumulation period 1 with 5·3, 6·6 and 9·5 t DM ha–1, and growth rates were 140, 128 and 145 kg DM ha–1 d–1, for Wimmera annual ryegrass and Richmond and Concord cultivars of Italian ryegrass respectively. In contrast, in vitro dry‐matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein (CP) content were negatively associated with days after the commencement of the accumulation period, and initial values were greater than 0·80 and 180 g kg DM–1 for IVDMD and CP content respectively. The rate of decline in IVDMD d–1 for Wimmera annual ryegrass was 0·005, 0·019 and 0·012 d–1 for accumulation periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while for Italian ryegrass cultivars Richmond was 0·015, 0·011, 0·02 and 0·012 d–1 and Concord was 0·014, 0·009, 0·013 and 0·01 d–1, for the 4 accumulation periods respectively. It is recommended that annual and Italian ryegrass pastures be harvested between 10% and 20% inflorescence emergence when IVDMD will exceed 0·70 regardless of cultivar and/or defoliation practice prior to the commencement of the accumulation period.

show abstract

“…The pasture varieties used were Aristocrat annual ryegrass and Concord II Italian ryegrass. Following season‐opening rainfall, ryegrass seed was broadcast by hand in all three seasons on 7 May 2013, 3 June 2014 and 28 May 2015, respectively, at a high rate of 200 kg/ha to mimic “natural seed‐set,” as is common for self‐regenerating annual pastures in the region (Callow et al., ; Rossiter, ). This process involves the shedding of seed by ryegrass plants when in the reproductive stage of growth (October–November), which then lie dormant on the ground over the summer “dry season” before germinating again upon arrival of autumn rains in April/May, without any form of tillage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…May 2015, respectively, at a high rate of 200 kg/ha to mimic "natural seed-set," as is common for self-regenerating annual pastures in the region (Callow et al, 2000;Rossiter, 1966). This process involves the shedding of seed by ryegrass plants when in the reproductive stage of growth (October-November), which then lie dormant on the ground over the summer "dry season" before germinating again upon arrival of autumn rains in April/May, without any form of tillage.…”

Section: Experimental Design Fertilizer Application and Herbage Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Italian ryegrass ( L. multiflorum Lam. ), together with subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), with these species completing their growth cycles and setting seed before the onset of moisture stress at the end of the growing season (Bolland et al., ; Callow, Michell, Baker, & Hough, ). Dairy production systems in the region have intensified significantly over the last two decades (Bolland & Guthridge, ), with use of N fertilizer becoming commonplace and farmers adopting the 3‐leaf grazing management principles outlined by Fulkerson and Donaghy ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determining the critical plant test potassium concentration for annual and Italian ryegrass on dairy pastures in south‐western Australia

McDonnell¹,

Staines²,

Bolland³

2017

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Potassium fertilization in intensive grassland systems is particularly important on sandy soils with limited K storage capacity. A 3‐year plot experiment was conducted in south‐western Australia to determine the critical K concentration in herbage dry matter (DM) of annual and Italian ryegrass required to achieve 0.95 of the maximum yield, under best‐practice grassland management. A factorial design was employed with eight fertilizer K rates (range 0–360 kg ha−1 year−1) and two ryegrass species replicated four times, on a sandy soil site managed over 7 years to deplete mean soil Colwell K concentration to 42 mg/kg. Herbage was defoliated six times per year at the 3‐leaf stage of regrowth. Herbage DM yield, macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations were measured at each defoliation. Dry‐matter yield increased significantly (p < .001) with increasing levels of K fertilizer in all 3 years and the effect was curvilinear, while 0.95 of the maximum herbage DM yield was achieved at an annual K fertilizer application rate of 96, 96 and 79 kg/ha respectively. At these K fertilizer application levels, the mean K concentration of herbage DM over the 3 years was derived to be 11.4, 12.7 and 11.2 g/kg respectively. Sodium, magnesium and calcium concentrations of herbage DM all declined significantly (p < .001) as the K concentration increased. Grassland producers on sandy soils should target a K concentration in herbage DM of 16 g/kg for annual ryegrass and Italian ryegrass‐dominant swards to ensure K availability is not limiting herbage production.

show abstract

The effect of defoliation practice in Western Australia on tiller development of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and its association with forage quality

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Dry matter yield, forage quality and persistence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a subtropical environment

Dry matter yield, forage quality and persistence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a subtropical environment

The effect of accumulation period and harvest date in spring on dry‐matter yield and forage quality in mixed swards containing Lolium spp. and Trifolium subterraneum in Western Australia

Determining the critical plant test potassium concentration for annual and Italian ryegrass on dairy pastures in south‐western Australia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About