The Effect of Cultivation on the Structure and Other Physical Characteristics of Grassland and Arable Soils (194–970)

Low, A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1972.tb01668.x

Cited by 129 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, even if afforestation only slightly affects soil C stocks at the local level, it could have a significant effect on the global C budget if enough agricultural land is converted (Low 1972;de Jong 1981;Elliott 1986;Janzen 1987; Monreal et al1995). Following afforestation, changes inevitably occur in the quality, quantity, timing, and spatial distribution of soil C inputs (Paul et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Carbon Changes Following Afforestation with Olga Bay Larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in Northeastern China

Wang¹,

Ouyang²,

Shao³

et al. 2006

J Integrative Plant Biology

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After converting cropland to forest, carbon is sequestered in the aggrading biomass of the new forests, but the question remains, to what extent will the former arable soil contribute as a sink for CO 2 ? Quantifying changes in soil carbon is an important consideration in the large-scale conversion of cropland to forest. Extensive field studies were undertaken to identify a number of suitable sites for comparison of soil properties under pasture and forest. The present paper describes results from a study of the effects of first rotation larch on soil carbon in seven stands in an afforestation chronosequence compared with adjacent Korean pine, pasture, and cropland. An adjacent 250-year-old natural forest was included to give information on the possible long-term changes in soil carbon in northeast China in 2004. Soil carbon initially decreased during the first 12 yr before a gradual recovery and accumulation of soil carbon occurred. The initial (0-12 yr) decrease in soil carbon was an average 1.2% per year among case studies, whereas the increase in soil carbon (12-33 yr) was 1.90% per year. Together with the carbon sequestration of forest floors, this led to total soil carbon stores of approximately 101.83 Mg/hm 2 over the 33-year chronosequence. Within the relatively short time span, carbon sequestration occurred mainly in tree biomass, whereas soil carbon stores were clearly higher in the 250-year-old plantation (184 Mg/hm 2 ). The ongoing redistribution of mineral soil carbon in the young stands and the higher soil carbon contents in the 250-year-old afforested stand suggest that nutrient-rich afforestation soils may become greater sinks for carbon (C) in the long term.Key words: afforestation; carbon sequestration; China; forest litter; mineral soil; Olga Bay larch. 2003), has been undertaken and 14.7 million hectares of cropland and 17.3 million hectares of degraded land are planned to be converted to forest over a 10-year period (Zhang 2003). Establishment of plantations on exagricultural land (afforestation) is generally recognized as a valid and potentially useful means to offset greenhouse gas emissions and is an eligible activity under Article 3.3 of the Kyoto Protcol (Paul et al. 2002).Approximately 75% of total terrestrial carbon (C) is stored in Huntington 1995). Therefore, even if afforestation only slightly affects soil C stocks at the local level, it could have a significant effect on the global C budget if enough agricultural land is converted (Low 1972;de Jong 1981;Elliott 1986;Janzen 1987; Monreal et al.1995). Following afforestation, changes inevitably occur in the quality, quantity, timing, and spatial distribution of soil C inputs (Paul et al. 2002). There are also many abiotic factors affecting the extent of the change in soil C, including site preparation, previous land use, climate, soil texture, site management, and harvesting (Paul et al. 2002).Johnson (1992) concluded that the reversion of former agricultural land to forest usually results in substantial increases in soi...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Carbon Changes Following Afforestation with Olga Bay Larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in Northeastern China

Wang¹,

Ouyang²,

Shao³

et al. 2006

J Integrative Plant Biology

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“…In this experiment, the number of earthworms in the PA treatment was as low as 12% of the number in the PG treatment. Low (1972) reported that after 25 years of regular cultivation, the numbers of earthworms were only 11-16% of those in old grassland. Edwards and Bohlen (1996) mention two reasons for a decreased number of earthworms, besides the mechanical damage and predation after cultivation, the …”

Section: Earthwormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil biological quality after 36 years of ley-arable cropping, permanent grassland and permanent arable cropping

Eekeren

Bommelé

Bloem

et al. 2008

Applied Soil Ecology

137

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Nematodes Microbiology Soil biotaCrop rotation Grassland a b s t r a c tInsight is needed into how management influences soil biota when sustainable grassland systems are developed. A crop rotation of grass and maize can be sustainable in terms of efficient nutrient use. However, there is lack of information on the effect of such a crop rotation on soil biological quality. Earthworms, nematodes, bacteria and fungi were sampled over three years in a 36 years old experiment. Permanent arable land was compared with permanent grassland and with a ley-arable crop rotation. In the rotation, a period of three years of grassland (temporary grassland) was followed by a period of three years of arable land (temporary arable land) and vice versa. In the first year of arable cropping in the rotation, the number of earthworms was already low and not different from continuous cropping. In the three-year grass ley, the abundance of earthworms returned to the level of permanent grassland in the second year.However, the restoration of earthworm biomass took a minimum of three years. Furthermore, the anecic species did not recover the dominance they had in the permanent grassland. The numbers of herbivorous and microbivorous nematodes in the ley-crop rotation reached similar levels to those in the permanent treatments within one to two years. Although the same holds for the nematode genera composition, the Maturity Index and the proportion of omnivorous nematodes in the temporary treatments remained significantly lower than in their permanent counterparts. Differences in recovery were also found among microbial parameters. In the temporary treatments, bacterial growth rate and the capacity to degrade a suite of substrates recovered in the second year. However, the Community-Level Physiological Profiles in the permanent grassland remained different from the other treatments. Our results suggest that many functions of soil biota that are well established in permanent grassland, are restored in a ley-arable crop rotation. However, due to a reduction in certain species, specific functions of these soil biota could be reduced or lost. The ley-arable crop rotations were intermediate to permanent grassland and continuous arable land in terms of functioning of soil biota (e.g., Nmineralization). In terms of the functional aspects of the soil biota, permanent grassland might be preferable wherever possible. For maize cultivation, a ley-arable crop rotation is preferable to continuous arable land. However, a ley-arable crop rotation is only preferable to continuous arable cropping if it is not practised at the expense of permanent grassland at farm level.

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“…This approach has been used by Angers et al (1987), and Baldock and Kay (1987) (Low 1955;Greacen 1958 Low (1955) and Greacen (1958) (Low 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Influence of Cropping History on Soil Structure

Kay¹,

Groenevelt²,

Angers³

et al. 1988

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Les informations portant sur les taux de changement de la structure de sols diff6rents soumis ir divers systEmes culturaux sont vitales pour la recherche portant sur la conservation des sols. La plupart des donndes qui existent sur la structure des sols ne peuvent nous renseigner sur les taux de changement puisqu'on a omis d'6tablir des rapports entre les mesures effectu6es i un moment pr6cis et I'histoire culturale des sols en question. Nous pr6sentons un modble conceptuel qui facilite la quantification de I'histoire culturale en rapport avec la structure des sols. Le modble 6tablit des rapports entie la forme structurale, la stabilit6 structurale, les matdriaux de stabilisation, les facteurs biologiques et les forces qui peuvent s'exercer sur le sol. Les m6thodes de gestion des lPaper presented at

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The Effect of Cultivation on the Structure and Other Physical Characteristics of Grassland and Arable Soils (194–970)

Cited by 129 publications

References 14 publications

Soil Carbon Changes Following Afforestation with Olga Bay Larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in Northeastern China

Soil Carbon Changes Following Afforestation with Olga Bay Larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in Northeastern China

Soil biological quality after 36 years of ley-arable cropping, permanent grassland and permanent arable cropping

Quantifying the Influence of Cropping History on Soil Structure

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