Key-words: biomass and carbohydrate allocation; birch; copper concentration; nutrition; relative growth rate.Abbreviations: CH tot , total concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (percentage of DM); [Cu], copper concentration (µg g -1 DM); dCu/dW r , uptake rate of copper per unit root growth rate (µmol g -1 root DM); DM, dry mass; FA, free access to all nutrients; FM, fresh mass; LAR, leaf area ratio (m 2 kg -1 plant DM); LMR, leaf mass ratio (leaf DM plant -1 DM); NAR, net assimilation rate (kg DM m -2 d -1 ); R Cu , relative addition rate of copper (d -1 ); R G , relative growth rate (d -1 ); RMR, root mass ratio (root DM plant -1 DM); SLA, specific leaf area (m 2 kg -1 ); SMR, stem mass ratio (stem DM plant -1 DM).