The effect of cooling rate on the mechanical and corrosion properties of SAF 2205 (UNS 31803) duplex stainless steel welds

Kordatos, J.D.; Fourlaris, G.; Papadimitriou, G.

doi:10.1016/s1359-6462(00)00613-8

Cited by 95 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The findings also proved that even 1% of sigma phase formation in DSS is sufficient to cause embrittlement. Furthermore, the coarse-grained ferrite structure formed near the fusion line is responsible for the reduction in impact toughness of the DSS weld [135][136][137].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Mohammed

Ishak

Aqida

et al. 2017

Metals

103

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Abstract:The effects of input heat of different welding processes on the microstructure, corrosion, and mechanical characteristics of welded duplex stainless steel (DSS) are reviewed. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is welded using low-heat inputs. However, owing to differences in the physical metallurgy between ASS and DSS, low-heat inputs should be avoided for DSS. This review highlights the differences in solidification mode and transformation characteristics between ASS and DSS with regard to the heat input in welding processes. Specifically, many studies about the effects of heat energy input in welding process on the pitting corrosion, intergranular stress, stress-corrosion cracking, and mechanical properties of weldments of DSS are reviewed.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Mohammed

Ishak

Aqida

et al. 2017

Metals

103

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“…While fast cooling rates retain more of the ferrite and lead to a higher probability of precipitation of nitrides [4,5], slow cooling rates and prolonged welding durations increase the possibility of spinodal decomposition of Cr-rich-ferrite (α ı ), namely 475 o Cembrittlement, and precipitation of intermetallics, such as Sigma (σ) and Chi (χ) [6]. Therefore heat input has to be in tight upper and lower limits and inter-pass temperatures are kept relatively low (180 -200 o C) during conventional multi-pass fusion welding in order to obtain moderate cooling rates [1,7]. Controlling such low-tolerance welding parameters brings extra engineering and fabrication man-hours during conventional multi-pass welding processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of duplex stainless steel weld metals obtained by hybrid plasma-gas metal arc welding

et al. 2013

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“…It is known that the a phase is harder than the g phase in DSSs. 17) Therefore, a higher a content in the structure led to a higher strength as well as NTS. As mentioned previously, the a contents of the base material and the LW-3 specimen were comparable, while the LW-0 specimen was considerably higher.…”

Section: Notched Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Laser Beam Welding of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Metal Powder Additions

Tsay

Chen

2004

ISIJ International

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Laser beam welding with the aid of metal powder additions to the weld pool was carried out to modify the ferrite/austenite (a/g) ratio of the weld metal of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The a content in the weld metal of DSS welds could be controlled by the proper flow rate of nickel powder through a coaxial nozzle. This process had the advantage of using only a small amount of filler metal, i.e. a few grams per minute of nickel powder, in the welding process. Imapct and notched tensile tests were utilized to evaluate mechanical properties of laser welds. The notched tensile test was also carried out in hydrogen under a slow displacement rate. The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) was estimated from the loss in notched tensile strength and correlated with the microstructure of a given laser weld. On the whole, the susceptibility to HE decreased with increasing the g content of DSS welds. Autogeneous laser welds containing the highest a content of all welds tested were most susceptible to HE. The base material with banded aϩg structures was susceptible to HE and exhibited severe secondary cracks mainly along a/g phase boundaries. Although laser welds produced at a flow rate of 3 g/min nickel powder had similar a content to the base material, they were more resistant to HE owing to randomly distributed a and g phases in the weld metal. The impact energy of laser welds at low temperatures (Ϫ75 to Ϫ100°C) along with the hardness test could also be used to check if the proper amount of nickel powder was added in laser welding of DSSs.KEY WORDS: laser beam welding; 2205 duplex stainless steel; notched tensile strength; hydrogen embrittlement.fracture separation process, which in turn depends on the microstructure and the hydrogen concentration. 10) In high strength steels, HE and stress corrosion cracking are overlapping processes.11) Hence, the resistance to hydrogen-induced crack becomes an important consideration for DSS welds to be used in hydrogen-containing environments.The purpose of this investigation was to study the microstructure and some mechanical properties of 2205 laser welds produced with the addition of nickel powder to the weld pool. The flow rate of powder was so adjusted to obtain the weld metal having nearly the same a/g ratio as the base material. In addition to the magnetic measurement of a content, impact tests of the welds at low temperatures were also employed to confirm that the proper a/g ratio in the weld metal had been achieved. Notched tensile tests in hydrogen were performed on laser-welded specimens and the results were compared to those of the base material. Experimental ProceduresThe material used in this investigation was the SAF 2205 grade purchased from AVESTA, Sweden in the form of 3.2 mm thick plates. The as-received steel plates consisted of elongated and banded structures of a and g phases. The chemical composition in mass percent was 21.1 Cr, 5.8 Ni, 2.7 Mo, 0.052 C, 1.42 Mn, 0.45 Si, 0.025 P, 0.022 S, 0.02 Cu and balance Fe.Laser welding was carried out usin...

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The effect of cooling rate on the mechanical and corrosion properties of SAF 2205 (UNS 31803) duplex stainless steel welds

Cited by 95 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review

Characterization of duplex stainless steel weld metals obtained by hybrid plasma-gas metal arc welding

Laser Beam Welding of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Metal Powder Additions

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