The effect of complex posttraumatic stress and poverty on quality of life among adult survivors of childhood institutional maltreatment: evidence from survivors of the ‘Hyeongje Welfare Institution’ in South Korea

Abstract

Background: Childhood institutional maltreatment (IM) is associated with both complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CTPSD) and poverty in adulthood life, each of which may impact an individual’s quality of life (QoL). To find implications for clinical practice and policy making for adult survivors with childhood IM experiences, it is necessary to conduct research examining their current QoL and identifying related factors. Objective: By applying the model of the conservation of resources theory, we focused on how adulthood QoL can be indicated by childhood IM as well as the life outcomes of IM such as additional lifetime trauma, CPTSD, and poverty. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, self-report data were collected from 127 adults who were survivors of the ‘Hyeongje’ childhood IM in South Korea. We conducted regression analyses of childhood IM experiences, trauma experiences after escape from the institution, current CPTSD symptoms, and current poverty experiences on current QoL. Results: The duration of placement at the ‘Hyeongje’ ( β = .24, p = .009) was associated with trauma experiences after escape from the institution. Trauma experiences after escape from the institution ( β = .25, p = .007) were associated with CPTSD symptoms. CPTSD symptoms ( β = .26, p = .005) were associated with poverty, and both CPTSD symptoms ( β = −.52, p < .001) and poverty ( β = −.26, p = .003) were negatively associated with current QoL. Conclusions: Prolonged childhood IM brings about loss spirals by increasing an individual’s exposure to experiences of further cumulative trauma, CPTSD, and poverty. There is a need for due diligence-based policy making and public support from the government to help create upward spirals for QoL. This may include the imminent detection and rescue of children as well as providing a safe environment, offering multidisciplinary interventions including evidence-based treatment for CPTSD, and considering economic support including collective reparations.