The effect of compatible solutes on proteins

Paleg, L. G.; Stewart, George R.; Starr, R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5111-2_6

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is well known that betaine or proline can enhance the growth rate of cells at high osmolarity (6,7,29,34). These solutes can play two distinct roles in osmoprotection; they contribute to the restoration of cell turgor, and they are able to protect enzymes against the adverse effects of high ionic strength (21,28,33,45). During growth at high osmolarity in 1 mM K+, which in a kdp strain limits turgor and induces kdp expression (Table 2) (26), betaine markedly enhances growth rate (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a model permits an explanation for the finding that betaine causes a greater reduction in the expression of proU than does proline, whereas both have similar effects on intracellular K+ concentrations. It is well known that betaine is a better osmoprotectant than proline (6) and that it is better able to protect proteins from ionic or other denaturation (30,31,33,45). The different effects of betaine and proline on proU expression may therefore reflect their relative efficiencies at protecting the putative regulatory protein from conformational changes at high internal ionic strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium

Sutherland¹,

Cairney²,

Elmore³

et al. 1986

J Bacteriol

219

169

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The proU locus, which encodes a high-affinity betaine transport system, and the kdp operon, which encodes a potassium transport system, are the principal osmoresponsive genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The kdp operon is known to be induced in response to changes in cell turgor. We have investigated the control of proU expression and shown that it differs from that of kdp in a number of fundamental ways. Rather than responding to changes in turgor, proU expression is principally determined by the intracellular accumulation of potassium ions. Potassium and betaine were shown to play distinct osmoprotective roles. Potassium serves as the principal osmoprotectant and is accumulated in response to low-level osmotic stress to restore turgor. As external osmolarity is increased to a level at which the corresponding increase in internal potassium concentrations is potentially deleterious to enzyme function, betaine (when available) is accumulated in preference to potassium. The different mechanisms ofproU and kdp regulation reflect the different physiological roles of these two osmoprotectants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium

Sutherland¹,

Cairney²,

Elmore³

et al. 1986

J Bacteriol

219

169

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“…Osmotic adjustment (OA) mostly involves the accumulation of ions and compatible solutes in the cell in response to a decrease in the water potential. The accumulated compatible solutes may also protect specific cellular functions irrespective of turgor (34). OA is recognized as an effective component of drought resistance in many crop plants, and RWC is considered to be the best integrated measure of plant water status (35).…”

Section: Effect Of Dehydration and Screening Of Rice Varieties Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration-responsive Nuclear Proteome of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Illustrates Protein Network, Novel Regulators of Cellular Adaptation, and Evolutionary Perspective

Choudhary

Basu

Datta

et al. 2009

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

134

123

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Water deficit or dehydration is the most crucial environmental constraint on plant growth and development and crop productivity. It has been postulated that plants respond and adapt to dehydration by altering their cellular metabolism and by activating various defense machineries. The nucleus, the regulatory hub of the eukaryotic cell, is a dynamic system and a repository of various macromolecules that serve as modulators of cell signaling dictating the cell fate decision. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of dehydration-responsive adaptation in plants, we developed a comprehensive nuclear proteome of rice. The proteome was determined using a sequential method of organellar enrichment followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis-based protein identification by LC-ESI-MS/MS. We initially screened several commercial rice varieties and parental lines and established their relative dehydration tolerance. The differential display of nuclear proteins in the tolerant variety under study revealed 150 spots that showed changes in their intensities by more than 2.5-fold. The proteomics analysis led to the identification of 109 differentially regulated proteins presumably involved in a variety of functions, including transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling, signaling and gene regulation, cell defense and rescue, and protein degradation. The dehydration-responsive nuclear proteome revealed a coordinated response involving both regulatory and functional proteins, impinging upon the molecular mechanism of dehydration adaptation. Furthermore a comparison between the dehydrationresponsive nuclear proteome of rice and that of a legume, the chickpea, showed an evolutionary divergence in dehydration response comprising a few conserved proteins, whereas most of the proteins may be involved in cropspecific adaptation. These results might help in understanding the spectrum of nuclear proteins and the biological processes they control under dehydration as well as having implications for strategies to improve dehydration tolerance in plants. Molecular

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“…Osmotic adjustment is regarded as an important adaption of plants to salinity because it helps to maintain turgor and cell volume. A variety of socalled compatible solutes have been identified, characterized as having roughly similar properties, a low polar charge, high solubility, and large hydration shell (Paleg et al 1985). Because of these rather distinctive properties, apart from contributing to the maintenance of cell turgor, compatible solutes are believed to stabilize the active conformation of cytoplasmic enzymes, thereby protecting them against inactivation by inorganic ions (e.g., Pollard and Wyn Jones 1979; Smirnoff et al 1990).…”

Section: Osmotic Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review

Volkmar¹,

Hu²,

Steppuhn³

1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

292

162

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, H. 1998. Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 19-27. Root-zone salinization presents a challenge to plant productivity that is effectively countered by salt-tolerant halophytic plants, but unfortunately, much less successfully by major crop plants. The way in which salt affects plant metabolism is reviewed. Cellular events triggered by salinity, namely salt compartmentation, osmotic adjustment and cell wall hardening are connected to the whole plant responses, namely leaf necrosis, altered phenology and ultimately plant death. The roles of ion exclusion and K/Na discrimination in mediating crop response to salt appear to be central to the tolerance response, but they are by no means essential. The processes involved in regulating ion uptake at the membrane level are considered. Recent work elucidating the interaction between calcium and salinity tolerance is reviewed.Key words: Cell growth, cell turgor, ion regulation, K + /Na + discrimination, osmotic adjustment, salt tolerance Volkmar, K. M., Hu, Y. et Steppuhn, H. 1998. Réponse physiologique des plantes à la salinité: Mise au point bibliographique. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 19-27. La salinisation de la rhizosphère est un obstacle à la productivité végétale, qui est exploité avec succès par les plantes halophytes (tolérantes au sel), mais qui est beaucoup plus difficile à surmonter pour les principales espèces cultivées. Les auteurs présentent une mise au point bibliographique des effets des sels sur le métabolisme végétal. Les phénomèmes cellulaires déclenchés par la salinité, notamment la compartimentation des sels, les adaptations osmotiques, le durcissement des parois cellulaires sont reliés aux réactions de la plante, nécrose foliaire, perturbation phénologique et finalement la mort. L'exclusion et la discrimination K/Na dans la médiation des réponses de la plante semblent être au centre des réactions de tolérance, encore qu'elles ne soient en aucun point essentielles. Les auteurs analysent les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de l'absorption ionique au niveau membranaire. Ils passent également en revue les travaux récents éclairant l'interaction entre le calcium et la tolérance à la salinité. Mots clés:Croissance cellulaire, turgesgence de la cellule, régulation ionique, discrimination K + /Na + , adaptation osmotique, tolérance au sel A generalized model of plant response to salt stress will be described, relating the whole-plant manifestations of root-zone salinity to initial responses to soil salinity at the cellular level. PRINCIPLESThere is a continuous spectrum of plant tolerance to saline rooting media, ranging from very sensitive glycophytes showing the effects of salt at concentrations of less than 1/10 sea water (50 mol m -3 ), to halophytes, that complete their life cycles at 500 mol m -3 (Flowers et al. 1986; Ungar 1991). The halophyte, Suaeda maritima, for example, exhibits a growth optimum of around 200 mol m -3 and is able to tolerate root zone salinity levels up to 1000 mol m -3 (Clipson et...

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The effect of compatible solutes on proteins

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium

Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium

Dehydration-responsive Nuclear Proteome of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Illustrates Protein Network, Novel Regulators of Cellular Adaptation, and Evolutionary Perspective

Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review

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