The effect of commonly used anticoccidials and antibiotics in a subclinical necrotic enteritis model

Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens

“…It has been shown to increase the risk of NE occurrence (Al-Sheikhly & Al-Saieg, 1980) by damage of epithelia (Williams, 2005), protein leakage and increase of mucus secretion allowing C. perfringens to replicate and produce toxins (Van Immerseel et al, 2004, 2009Collier et al, 2008;Cooper & Songer, 2010). NE was effectively prevented by mixing antimicrobial growth promoters in the broiler feed (Elwinger et al, 1998;Lanckriet et al, 2010). However, due to the emergence of bacterial resistance, the use of antibiotics is and will be further diminished.…”

“…Various methods for NE prophylaxis have been investigated; for example, treatment with ionophorous anticoccidial drugs (Williams, 2005) or a so far experimental approach of vaccination with a C. perfringens toxoid vaccine (Mot et al, 2013). The effect of anticoccidials in a subclinical NE model was tested by Lanckriet et al (2010) and narasin, maduramicine and salinomycine showed a certain efficacy. Toltrazuril is an anticoccidial drug and effective on all intracellular stages of Eimeria, especially 1 to 168 h after infection (Laczay et al, 1995).…”

The role of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccine on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

“…The experimental model used in the present study for the reproduction of NE is a well-established and reproducible model that has been used in many research studies (Gholamiandehkordi et al, 2007;Timbermont et al, 2009;Lanckriet et al, 2010). It is a multifactorial model, using not only a specific diet formulation and a Gumboro vaccination, but also an oral inoculation of broilers with E. maxima and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of C. perfringens.…”

“…This contradiction could be the result of the presence of anticoccidial drugs in the feed of control groups in the study of Waldenstedt et al (1999). Anticoccidial drugs, mainly ionophores, possess both anticoccidial and anticlostridial action and can reduce C. perfringens counts in the intestinal tract (Lanckriet et al, 2010).…”

“…It belongs to toxinotype A (no b 2 or enterotoxin genes) and, in vitro, produces moderate amounts of alpha-toxin. The strain carries the netB gene and has been used previously to induce NE (Gholamiandehkordi et al, 2007;Lanckriet et al, 2010). To facilitate the detection of the inoculated strain in experimental birds, rifampicin-resistant mutants were isolated with the gradient technique as described by Pedersen et al (2008) using Brain Heart Infusion broth (02Á599; Scharlau Chemie S.A., Barcelona, Spain) containing rifampicin in a gradient concentration from 0 to 100 mg/ml (R 3501-1G; Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany).…”