The effect of combined oral contraceptives and Nexplanon on gastroesophageal reflux disease in premenopausal women: A nationwide database analysis

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy, combined oral contraceptives (COC), and hormone replacement therapy have been reported to increase the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To date, no study has evaluated the effect of Nexplanon, a commonly used progesterone-based contraceptive, on GERD. We aimed to determine the effect of Nexplanon and COC on GERD. Methods:We performed a population-based analysis using the IBM Explorys national database . The study group included premenopausal women, defined as women less than 50 years of age while excluding the diagnosis of menopause. The effect of Nexplanon and COC on GERD (at least 30 days after Nexplanon/COC was initiated) was assessed by comparing it to premenopausal women who were not on contraceptives. Foregut surgery, esophageal dysmotility disorders, hiatal hernia, and delayed gastric emptying were excluded. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.

Raloxifene increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal stricture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

“…However, only a few studies have evaluated this relationship and demonstrated a positive association between HRT, of which estrogen replacement therapy is predominately used, and GERD. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]13 Regardless, in order to better understand the relationship between estrogen use and GERD, the association between other estrogen-based therapies and GERD should be further examined.…”