The effect of color overlays on the reading ability of dyslexic children

Hlengwa, N B; Moonsamy, Philicia; Ngwane, F; Nirghin, Urvashni; Singh, Sonia

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_541_16

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The present study gives further support to the reports in which it was found that colours have an important role in the reading process [24,38,45,47,48,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is evident that colours have been used in reading performance in children with dyslexia in order to improve their skills and for other purposes [24][25][26][27][28] such as increasing reading fluency and speed. The so-called visual stress syndrome [29,30] is observed in dyslexic individuals very often, but the role of colour involvement during the reading performance remains controversial [31][32][33][34][35]. Recently, this concept has led to the broadened use of colored overlays to mitigate reading disorders and improve reading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

Jakovljević¹,

Janković²,

Savić³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Reading is one of the essential processes during the maturation of an individual. It is estimated that 5-10% of school-age children are affected by dyslexia, the reading disorder characterised by difficulties in the accuracy or fluency of word recognition. There are many studies which have reported that colour overlays and background could improve the reading process, especially in children with reading disorders. As dyslexia has neurobiological origins, the aim of the present research was to understand the relationship between physiological parameters and colour modifications in the text and background during reading in children with and without dyslexia. We have measured differences in electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activities (EDA), and eye movement of the 36 school-age children (18 with dyslexia and 18 of control group) during the reading performance in 13 combinations of background and overlay colours during the reading task. Our findings showed that the dyslexic children have longer reading duration, fixation count, fixation duration average, fixation duration total, and longer saccade count, saccade duration total, and saccade duration average while reading on white and coloured background/overlay. It was found that the turquoise, turquoise O, and yellow colours are beneficial for dyslexic readers, as they achieved the shortest time duration during the reading tasks when these colours were used. Also, dyslexic children have higher values of beta and the whole range of EEG while reading in particular colour (purple), as well as increasing theta range while reading on the purple overlay colour. We have observed no significant differences between HRV parameters on white colour, except for single colours (purple, turquoise overlay and yellow overlay) where the control group showed higher values for Mean HR, while dyslexic children scored higher with Mean RR. Regarding EDA measure we have found systematically lower values in children with dyslexia in comparison to the control group. Based on present results we can conclude that both colours (warm and cold background/overlays) are beneficial for both groups of readers and all sensor modalities could be used to better understand the neurophysiological origins in dyslexic children.

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“…The present study gives further support to the reports in which it was found that colours have an important role in the reading process [24,38,45,47,48,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

Jakovljević¹,

Janković²,

Savić³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study gives further support to the existing findings that colors may play an important role in the reading process [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. When normalization on the white background was performed (by subtracting white from each of the other background and overlay colors), systematic differences (on at least two colors) were found regarding HRV parameters (normalized SDNN, CVRR, and STD HR values), with second graders scoring higher on these parameters ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This could be explained by the fact that third graders or older children need more time to adapt to unexpected text and stimuli such as color [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], which is in line with our alternative hypothesis. Additionally, previous studies have shown that older children are slower in reading than younger children because they demand longer fixation duration and saccades [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], skipping words more frequently than younger children [ 48 , 49 ]. Concerning the eye-tracking measures, it was in fact found that third graders have longer fixation duration totals and fixation duration averages in comparison to the second-graders, which is a result that is in line with the above-mentioned assertion that older children take longer to read.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensor Hub for Detecting the Developmental Characteristics in Reading in Children on a White vs. Colored Background/Colored Overlays

Jakovljević

Janković

Savić

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This study investigated the influence of white vs. 12 background and overlay colors on the reading process in twenty-four school-age children. Previous research reported that colors could affect reading skills as an important factor in the emotional and physiological state of the body. The aim of the study was to assess developmental differences between second and third grade students of an elementary school, and to evaluate differences in electroencephalography (EEG), ocular, electrodermal activities (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV). Our findings showed a decreasing trend with age regarding EEG power bands (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Theta) and lower scores of reading duration and eye-tracking measures in younger children compared to older children. As shown in the results, HRV parameters showed higher scores in 12 background and overlay colors among second than third grade students, which is linearly correlated to the level of stress and is readable from EDA measures as well. Our study showed the calming effect on second graders of turquoise and blue background colors. Considering other colors separately for each parameter, we assumed that there are no systematic differences in reading duration, EEG power band, eye-tracking and EDA measures.

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“…As lâminas espectrais (spectral/coloured overlays) são folhas em acetato transparente em tonalidades específicas usadas sobrepostas no texto impresso ou na tela do computador. As lâminas tem se mostrado eficientes para minimizar as distorções visuoperceptuais e, consequentemente, melhorar o conforto durante a leitura, a deixando mais fluente e duradoura (Hlengwa, Moonsamy, Ngwane, Nirghin, & Singh, 2017;Jeanes et al, 1997;Tyrrell, Holland, Dennis, & Wilkins, 1995;Wilkins, Jeanes, Pumfrey, & Laskier, 1996;Wilkins & Lewis, 1999;Wilkins et al, 2001). Ao minimizar as distorções na leitura, com ganhos no conforto e fluência, é esperado uma aderência prolongada ao uso desse recurso em condições de sala de aula (Jeanes et al, 1997;Scott et al, 2002;Wilkins et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Melhora do desempenho de leitura com o uso de lâminas espectrais: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Vilhena

Guimarães

2019

PsicolArgum

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As lâminas espectrais são importantes ferramentas para minimizar distorções visuoperceptuais durante a leitura, aumentar o conforto visual e a fluência do leitor. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de todos os estudos que verificaram a prevalência da população beneficiada com o uso das lâminas espectrais. Método: Todos os títulos e resumos dos 225 artigos completos, de 1980 a 2017, foram avaliados independentemente por dois autores. Da seleção final, 26 estudos sobre a prevalência do uso de lâminas espectrais foram lidos na íntegra. Resultados: 63% da população em geral informam melhora perceptual da qualidade do texto com o uso das lâminas. A prevalências por meio do uso prolongado da lâmina, por pelo menos dois meses, revela um índice de 30% da população geral. Por fim, sob uso de lâminas, 33% da população melhorou a velocidade de leitura, quantificada via Rate of Reading Test, tendo 18% apresentado ganhos de moderados a robustos.Os grupos clínicos que apresentam maior probabilidade de ganhos na velocidade de leitura com o uso da lâmina espectral são, respectivamente: Síndrome de Tourette, Esclerose Múltipla, Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Dificuldade de Leitura. Conclusão: grande proporção da população apresenta ganhos na qualidade visual com o uso das lâminas espectrais, sendo esses índices maiores nos transtornos com hiperexcitabilidade cortical.

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The effect of color overlays on the reading ability of dyslexic children

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

The Sensor Hub for Detecting the Developmental Characteristics in Reading in Children on a White vs. Colored Background/Colored Overlays

Melhora do desempenho de leitura com o uso de lâminas espectrais: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

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