The effect of cold, anoxia and ethylene on the flowering ability of buds of Cichorium intybus

Abstract

Come, D. 1985. Effect of cold, anoxia and ethylene OD the flowering ability of buds of Cichorium intybus, -Physiol. Plant. 65:146-150.The apical bud and the axillary buds of Witloof chicory {Cichorium intybus L. cv. Tardive d'Anvers) retnain iti the vegetative state if they are left on the root and maintained at 18°C. Flowering occurs in long days of 16 h after a pretreatment of either S weeks at 3^C, 3 days in cotnplete anoxia at 15°C, or 4 days in the presence of ethylene (1000 pptn) at 15°C. In contrast, the adventitious buds which spread out on the root after ablation of the collar flower in a photoperiod of 16 h without particular pretreatment. The grafting of apical buds onto roots after different treatments shows that cold and ethylene act on the root, whereas anosia acts directly at the level of the bud. It seems that the inhibition ofthe flowering of preformed buds (apical and axillary) stems from the collar. A hypothesis is proposed to explain this inhibition and why it is broken by cold, anoxia and ethylene.

In vitro flowering of Kniphofia leucocephala: influence of cytokinins

“…Root pruning has also been shown to promote flowering in wellknown woody species (Meilan, 1997) and in Cymbidium niveo-marginatum (Kostenyuk et al, 1999). In addition, the continual rooting of apices in Cichorium (Joseph et al, 1985) and tobacco (McDaniel, 1980;McDaniel and Hartnett, 1993) prevented flowering. Possibly this could be attributed to the presence in roots of substances inhibitory to flowering, as McDaniel (1996) reported a specific signal in tobacco roots which prevented flowering.…”

A root chicory MADS box sequence and the Arabidopsis flowering repressor FLC share common features that suggest conserved function in vernalization and de‐vernalization responses

“…The switch from one lifecycle to another may involve spatial regulation of gene expression. Chicory is a species in which vernalization of the adult plant is perceived by the root collar and not by the bud, as reported for the witloof variety (Joseph et al ., ). The bienniality of chicory may therefore involve a combination of developmental and spatial regulation of genetic repressors of flowering such as CiFL1 .…”

Cichorium intybus L – cultivation, processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on current status and future prospects

“…Joseph et al 46 gave a procedure to extract the cytokinins of chicory root. GLC analysis of purified extract indicated that t‐zeatin, 2‐Isopentenyl adenine (2IP), their respective ribosides and ribotides and t‐zeatin and t‐ribosyl‐zeatin glycosides were present in chicory root 46…”

“…Verger72 showed that cold treatment increases free cytokinins in tRNAs in the roots. The addition of zeatin riboside (10 −6 M ) to the culture medium increases the flowering ability of explants 46. Many authors have studied in vitro flowering from root fragments of C intybus L, analysing endogenous variations in phenolic compounds, free cytokinins and cytokinins in tRNAs during thermic or photoperiodic treatments 73.…”