The Effect of Coconut Shell Powder as Functional Filler in Polypropylene during Compounding and Subsequent Molding

Kirby, Matthew J.; Lewis, Benjamin F.; Peterson, Benjamin; Anggono, Juliana; Bradley, Walter L.

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201913001021

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The review investigates the development of polymer composites reinforced with coconut shell fibers, encompassing manufacturing processes, methodology, and the assessment of mechanical properties and thermal analysis, as well as potential applications (Udhayasankar & Karthikeyan, 2015). Coconut shell powder offers the advantage of higher thermal degradation temperatures due to its high lignin content compared to most other natural fillers (Kirby et al, 2019). Figure 6…”

Section: Modification Coconut Shell Grinding Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Test of Coconut Shell Grinding Machine For Pyrolysis Process

Novita,

Santosa,

Nofialdi

et al. 2024

J. appl. agricultural sci. technol.

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Coconut shell is a solid waste of biomass from processed coconuts separated from the flesh. Coconut shells can be reprocessed into products of high economic value. Coconut shells can be processed for bio-oil production via high-temperature pyrolysis. In the pyrolysis process, the coconut shell raw materials are reduced in size to facilitate combustion. The aim of this research was to test the performance of the modified coconut shell grinding machine, determine the effect of water content on the milling process, achieve coconut shell sizes of 3, 5, and 10 mm to enhance the pyrolysis process, and analyze the economics of grinding machine engineering. The size reduction process was carried out using a custom-designed coconut shell grinder that was altered in its sieve section. The sieve sections had diameters of 10, 5, and 3 mm. The coconut shell to be ground had a moisture content of 8–10%. The grinding machine capacity varies with each size, namely 10 mm, 5 mm, and 3 mm, achieving throughput rates of 14.892 kg/h, 7.214 kg/h, and 2.94 kg/hour, respectively. The resulting yield was notably high, ranging from 95 to 96.780%, and the associated yield loss remained low, between 3.2% and 4.8%. During the material size tests, the working RPM was observed at 630.6 for 10 mm, 711.2 for 5 mm, and 1017.18 for 3 mm, and these RPM variations influence the grinding speed.

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Section: Modification Coconut Shell Grinding Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Test of Coconut Shell Grinding Machine For Pyrolysis Process

Novita,

Santosa,

Nofialdi

et al. 2024

J. appl. agricultural sci. technol.

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“…The CS composite sample outperforms the other composite in terms of wear resistance. The sclerenchyma is made up of various cell types, one of which is the sclerid [37].…”

Section: Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coconuts have sclereids, which are responsible for the stony hardness of their shells. Lignin is thought to act as a cell wall reinforcing agent, polymerizing within cell walls to stiffen them and prevent buckling under mechanical stress [37]. CS is a lignin-rich biomass that is four times harder than hard maple and other hardwoods [33].…”

Section: Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid banana, sisal, and pineapple fiber epoxy composites using naturally available fillers

et al. 2023

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In recent days the use of Natural fiber-reinforced composites in all sorts of consumer goods. A wide variety of technologies necessitate the use of materials with unusual property combinations, such as high strength-to-weight and stiffness ratios. Traditional metal alloys fall short of these quality standards, which has led to a significant increase in the applications of natural fibers. Hence, an effort has been made to investigate the effect of fillers like Coconut shell (CS), Saw dust (SD), Kolam (KP), and Fly ash powder (FA) on the mechanical and wear properties of Epoxy reinforced hybrid Sisal, Banana, and Pineapple fiber composites in this work. The Natural fibers weight percent was taken around 45wt%, with the same quantity of epoxy blended with 10wt% Naturally available fillers. The findings revealed that the CS fillers in the composite have a more positive influence on tensile strength and modulus than the composite with other fillers which are used in this study. SEM analysis of tensile-fractured CS specimens also reveals an improved fiber-matrix bonding. Similarly, the CS-filled composite also exhibits better flexural strength, modulus, and Impact strength maximum of up to 18% higher than the BS, SD, KP, and FA-filled Hybrid composites. Further, CS-filled composite has reduced weight loss against wear and friction due to higher lignin content.

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“…They reported that the ultimate strength and modulus of elasticity of composites decreased as the compositions of coconut shells were increased [16]. There were a number of other studies on coconut shell composites [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, the compositions of fillers for most biocomposites were below 50% and micrometre of filler sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties Enhancement Nano Coconut Shell Filled in Packaging Plastic Waste Bionanocomposite

et al. 2022

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Plastic waste recycling has been proposed as a long-term solution to eliminate land and marine deposit. This study proposed a new approach to fabricate biocomposites of nano-sized fillers and low matrix compositions with a great performance by using plastic packaging waste different from the conventional biocomposite. Coconut shell, an agricultural waste, wasbonded with waste plastic to form a biocomposite with a coupling agent. The optimum percentage composition and the effect of coconut shell ball milling time on the properties of the biocomposite were studied with density, thickness swelling, porosity flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the optimum performance of biocomposite was obtained at 30/70 (wt.%) plastic waste to coconut shell ratio, where 70 wt.% was the highest coconut shell composition that can be achieved. Furthermore, for 30 wt.% of polypropylene (low matrix), the performance of biocomposite improved significantly with milling time due to enhanced interaction between filler and matrix. As the milling time was increased from 0 to 40 h, the density increased from 0.9 to 1.02 g/cm3; thickness swelling decreased from 3.4 to 1.8%; porosity decreased from 7.0 to 3.0%; flexural strength increased from 8.19 to 12.26 MPa; flexural modulus increased from 1.67 to 2.87 GPa, and compressive strength increased from 16.00 to 27.20 MPa. The degradation temperature of biocomposite also increased as the milling duration increased from 0 to 40 h. The melting temperature increased significantly from 160 to 170 °C as the milling duration increased from 0 to 40 h. The depolymerisation occurred at 350 °C, which also increased with milling duration. This study revealed that the performance of biocomposite improved significantly with a lower percentage matrix and fillernanoparticle rather than increasing the percentage of the matrix. The nanocomposite can be used as a panelboard in industrial applications.

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The Effect of Coconut Shell Powder as Functional Filler in Polypropylene during Compounding and Subsequent Molding

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Performance Test of Coconut Shell Grinding Machine For Pyrolysis Process

Performance Test of Coconut Shell Grinding Machine For Pyrolysis Process

Realization of mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid banana, sisal, and pineapple fiber epoxy composites using naturally available fillers

Properties Enhancement Nano Coconut Shell Filled in Packaging Plastic Waste Bionanocomposite

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