The Effect of Co-Encapsulated GO-Cu Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties, Cell Response, and Antibacterial Activities of Mg-Zn Composite

Abstract

Magnesium-based composites have recently been studied as biodegradable materials for preparing orthopedic implants. In this article, the graphene oxide (GO) and GO-Cu nanosystem has been homogenously dispersed as a reinforcement in the matrix of Mg-Zn (MZ) alloy using the semi powder metallurgy (SPM) method, and subsequently, the composite has been successfully manufactured using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. GO and GO-Cu reinforced composite displayed a higher compressive strength (~55%) than the unreinforced Mg-Zn sample. GO and GO-Cu dual nanofillers presented a synergistic effect on enhancing the effectiveness of load transfer and crack deflection in the Mg-based matrix. Besides, the GO-Cu dual nanofillers displayed a synergistic influence on antibacterial activity through combining the capturing influences of GO nanosheets with the killing influences of Cu. However, electrochemical and in-vitro immersion evaluation showed that Cu-GO reinforcement had a slightly negative effect on the corrosion behavior of the Mg-Zn sample, but the incorporation of GO enhanced corrosion resistance of the composite. Moreover, MZ/GO and MZ/GO-Cu nanocomposites showed acceptable cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells and revealed a high potential for use as an orthopedic implant material. Based on the research results, MZ/GO-Cu nanocomposite could be used in bone tissue engineering applications.

Bredigite-CNTs Reinforced Mg-Zn Bio-Composites to Enhance the Mechanical and Biological Properties for Biomedical Applications

“…According to Figure 6 , the contact angle of a drop of liquid with the bulk surface for MZ, BC1, BC2 and BC3 samples is 107, 78, 65 and 62 degrees, respectively. The presence of Br-CNTs reinforcing particles in the background phase reduces the contact angle of water due to their hydrophilic properties, and since silicate bioceramics are hydrolyzed in physiological environments, this results in increased water absorption [ 5 , 6 ]. On the other hand, the presence of carbon elements causes the creation of functional groups including carboxyl (COOH), carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (O-H), which lead to hydrophilicity.…”

“…Mg has a density close to that of bone and is absorbed by the body [ 3 ]. Mg is of interest for orthopedic applications due to its relatively low cost, high specific strength, and near-bone elastic modulus, which provides stress shielding and allows uniform distribution of tissue stress [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Moreover, the biodegradability of Mg obviated the need for secondary surgery after bone healing [ 5 ].…”

“…Therefore, Mg is an essential and necessary element of the body’s metabolism [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Naturally, the rate of Mg degradation and reduction in mechanical features is faster than the rate of bone tissue regeneration in the body’s biological environment [ 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Nanoscale Tribological Properties of Nanostructure Fe3Al and (Fe,Ti)3Al Compounds Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering Method

“…In this test, the residual depth is an appropriate criterion for evaluating the wear resistance of the material. This test is frequently used to compare the wear resistance of various materials processed in different conditions [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. The AFM images from longitudinal scratches of the bulk As can be seen, the residual depth of the Fe 3 Al compound is larger than that of the (Fe,Ti) 3 Al sample.…”

A Review on Antibacterial Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications: From Materials Perspective to Bioinks Design

“…Hence, encapsulating antibacterial agents into the biomaterial matrix has attained much consideration in the past few years [ 147 ]. Antibacterial biomaterials are comparatively capable of repelling bacterial cells, inhibiting their adhesion, or inactivating/destroying cells attached to the surface, while not sufficiently productive in destroying the pathogens due to the complicated mechanisms of bacteria [ 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 ]. Thus, developing highly effective and specifically targeted biomaterials that generate antimicrobial agents and their service in 3D printing inks is vital for TE applications.…”