The Effect of Clonazepam Mouthwash on the Symptomatology of Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Open Pilot Study: Table 1

Castro, Luciano Alberto de; Ribeiro-Rotta, Rejane Faria

doi:10.1111/pme.12552

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As in previous reports clonazepam was used in combination of oral topical and systematic administration [26]. We used clonazepam mouthwash as reported by others [27]. Clonazepam’s mechanism of action in BMS stays unspecified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

2017

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BackgroundBurning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent intraoral burning without related objective findings and unknown etiology that affects elderly females mostly. There is no satisfactory treatment for BMS. We aimed to observe the long-term efficacy of high velanfaxine doses combined with systemic and topical administered clonazepam in a particular subgroup of BMS patients who do not respond to current clinical management.ResultsEight (66.1 ± 6.2 years old females) out of 14 BMS patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were treated with venlafaxine (300 mg/d) and clonazepam (5 mg/d) for 35.4 ± 12.1 (mean ± SD) months. The average duration of the symptoms at baseline was 4.3 ± 1.4 years and the overall mean daily pain intensity score was 8.6 ± 1.3 (VAS); pain was in tongue and within the oral mucosa, accompanying by oral and facial dysesthesia. In five patients tasting was abnormal. All patients had positive history of concomitant primary headache. The average score of Hamilton Rating scale for Anxiety and Depression was 21 ± 4.2, and 26.1 ± 2.9, respectively. Previous ineffective treatments include anticonvulsants and anti-depressants. All patients responded (more than 50% decrease in VAS) after three months treatment (mean VAS 3.2 ± 2.2) with no remarkable adverse events.ConclusionBMS deserves bottomless psychiatric evaluation and management when current available treatments fail. Treatment with venlafaxine combined with topical and systemic clonazepam may be effective in refractory BMS cases but further investigation in a large-scale controlled study is needed to confirm these results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

2017

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“…Several studies, in fact, have achieved positive results in treating BMS symptomatology with clonazepam mouth rinses (de Castro & Ribeiro‐Rotta, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there an association between drugs and burning mouth syndrome? A case–control study

et al. 2019

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Objective The purpose of this case–control study was to compare the pharmacological anamnesis collected from a group of 150 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients with that of a control group of 150 patients matched for age and sex. Materials and Methods The patients' medical histories were reviewed, and data on drug therapy were collected. Drugs were classified on the basis of pharmacological effects; the classes were antihypertensives (i.e., ACE inhibitors/ARBs, calcium antagonists, diuretics and beta‐blockers), antiaggregants, anticoagulants, antidiabetics, vitamin D integrators, bisphosphonates, psychotropics (i.e., anxiolytics and antidepressants), gastroprotectors, statins, thyroid hormone substitutes, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Results The BMS patients and the controls were matched for age (mean age: 69 years) and sex (128 females and 22 males). Antihypertensives, especially ACE inhibitors/ARBs (OR = 0.37, CI: 0.22–0.63, p = 0.0002) and beta‐blockers (OR = 0.36, CI: 0.19–0.68 p = 002), revealed an inverse association with the presence of BMS, whereas anxiolytics (OR = 3.78, CI: 2.12–6.75 p < 0.0001), but neither antidepressants nor antipsychotics, were significantly associated with BMS. There were no correlations with other drug classes. Conclusion Our study highlighted that ACE inhibitors, ARBs and beta‐blockers were in inverse relation to BMS and found that anxiolytics, but neither antidepressants nor antipsychotics, were linked to the presence of the syndrome.

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“…Various agents, including clonazepam mouth wash, capsaicin, and α-lipoic acid, are reportedly beneficial in BMS patients [26] [27] [28]. The effectiveness of cognitive therapy [29] and light therapy [8] for BMS also have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Mouth Syndrome: Patient Profiles, Clinical Symptoms, Affecting Associated Factors, and Treatment Responses

Lim¹,

Kim²,

Chang³

et al. 2018

IJOHNS

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Background: The clinical characteristics of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) are not fully understood. We investigated the profiles of BMS patients, characteristics associated with BMS, and the available treatment methods and their effects. Methods: Seventy-four BMS patients without oral mucosal lesions were enrolled. Their medical history, medications taken, and symptom scores were investigated via questionnaires. Laboratory investigations of parameters potentially associated with BMS were performed. Regarding treatment, 0.01% dexamethasone gargle, amitriptyline, and clonazepam were administered individually or in combination, depending on the degree of symptom improvement. Symptoms were scored from 0 -10 points; these scores were used to evaluate treatment efficacy and patient satisfaction. Results: Mean age of the patients was 63.6 ± 14.2 years; mean symptom prevalence period was 15.5 ± 24.7 months. BMS was not significantly associated with a history of hypertension, diabetes, or any specific medications. Treatment reduced the symptoms of 85.1% subjects (63/74). Conclusions: Contrary to that in previous studies, we observed significant improvements in BMS patients following combination treatment with dexamethasone gargle, amitriptyline, and clonazepam.

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The Effect of Clonazepam Mouthwash on the Symptomatology of Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Open Pilot Study: Table 1

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

Refractory burning mouth syndrome: clinical and paraclinical evaluation, comorbidities, treatment and outcome

Is there an association between drugs and burning mouth syndrome? A case–control study

Burning Mouth Syndrome: Patient Profiles, Clinical Symptoms, Affecting Associated Factors, and Treatment Responses

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