The Effect of Clomiphene on the Plasma Androgens of Pubertal and Prepubertal Boys

Cathro, D. M.

doi:10.1530/acta.0.061s204

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In boys before puberty no response to clomiphene was found, and our results confirm that subjects only start to respond to clomiphene in mid to late puberty (Cathro et al, 1971;Franchimont, 1971).…”

Section: Normal Response To Hcg and Clomiphenesupporting

confidence: 80%

Stimulation Tests of Pituitary‐leydig Cell Function in Normal Male Subjects and Hypogonadal Men

Anderson¹,

Marshall²,

Young³

et al. 1972

Clinical Endocrinology

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SUMMARY The Leydig cell reserve was assessed by measuring plasma 17 ß‐hydroxy androgens (17 OHA) after two injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 2000 i.u. 3 days apart. In fifteen normal men the 17 OHA rose by a mean of 109%, to above 11 ng/ml, between 1 and 3 days after intramuscular injection. In cryptorchid boys the response was much slower, adult levels being reached in 1‐4 weeks. In panhypopituitarism 17 OHA levels rose rapidly to the normal range, whereas in isolated gonadotrophin deficiency the response was much more variable. Subjects with chromatin‐positive Klinefelter's syndrome also responded to HCG. No response was seen in patients with complete testicular degeneration. Peak serum HCG levels occurred at 24 hr. Pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) production was tested with clomiphene citrate 3 mg/kg/day for 10 days. In nine normal men LH levels rose by a mean of 107% to above the normal range, and the 17 OHA by a mean of 114% to above 11.5 ng/ml. No response was seen in early puberty, in panhypopituitarism or in isolated gonadotrophin deficiency where LH and 17 OHA levels remained low. In Klinefelter's syndrome and testicular degeneration the high LH levels were unchanged. The HCG test is of value in confirming the presence of functioning Leydig cells, while the principal use of the clomiphene test is in diagnosing gonadotrophin deficiency, where basal LH levels may be only borderline low.

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Section: Normal Response To Hcg and Clomiphenesupporting

confidence: 80%

Stimulation Tests of Pituitary‐leydig Cell Function in Normal Male Subjects and Hypogonadal Men

Anderson¹,

Marshall²,

Young³

et al. 1972

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…The increase in DHEA was not accompanied by an increase in urinary free cortisol, suggesting that clomiphene may have a selective stimulating effect on adrenal androgen production. Similarly, Cathro and colleagues 66 reported a clomiphene-induced increase in plasma DHEA and DHEA-S concentrations when administered for 15 days to endocrinologically normal prepubertal boys (ages 2-16) and to boys with adrenocortical hypofunction or hypogonadism.…”

Section: Clomiphenementioning

confidence: 88%

“…To date, alprazolam is the only drug from the benzodiazepine class that has been evaluated for its effects on DHEA and DHEA-S in humans. 106,107 Alprazolam 2 mg/2 min was administered intravenously to 38 healthy men (25 young men, ages 22-35; 13 elderly men, ages [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and 1, 4, and 7 hours after alprazolam administration to determine DHEA, DHEA-S, and cortisol concentrations.…”

Section: Alprazolammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this mechanism are results from epidemiological studies that have shown that DHEA-S concentrations, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), are higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. [138][139][140] Khaw et al 138 evaluated morning plasma hormone concentrations in 233 elderly women (ages [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] and reported that DHEA-S concentrations adjusted for age and BMI were approximately 1.5 times higher in smokers than in people who never smoked (p < 0.001). Other studies provide data that also show higher DHEA and/or DHEA-S urinary or serum concentrations in women smokers than in nonsmokers, [141][142][143] although the differences were not significant in two of the studies, possibly due to the limited sample size (n = 25) in each.…”

Section: Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Hormones and Pharmaceutical Agents on DHEA and DHEA‐S Concentrations: A Review of Clinical Studies

Salek

Bigos

Kroboth

2002

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Low endogenous levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and/or its sulfoconjugated derivative DHEA-S have been associated with diseases such as lupus, cancer, and diabetes. Circulating concentrations of DHEA and DHEA-S resulting from endogenous production or hormone supplementation may also be relevant in psychiatric illness. Drugs may significantly increase or decrease circulating concentrations of these adrenal androgens by various mechanisms. Some agents, such as dexamethasone, affect the HPA axis by inhibiting ACTH and therefore decrease DHEA and DHEA-S concentrations. Central nervous system agents, including carbamazepine and phenytoin, induce the P450 enzymes that metabolize DHEA and DHEA-S and therefore decrease circulating concentrations of these hormones. Danazol alters the ratio between DHEA and DHEA-S by inhibiting sulfatase. As research moves forward to better understand the relationships of these adrenal androgens with health and disease, it is essential that studies be designed to control for the influence of administered pharmaceuticals on DHEA and DHEA-S.

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“…Mellinger & Thompson (1966) noted an increased urinary excretion of urinary testosterone glucosiduronate in males with elevated basal gonadotrophin levels, suggesting a mode of action not involving the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Cathro et al (1971) found elevated levels of 4androstene-3, 17-dione and dehydroepiandrosterone but not of testosterone and LH after administration of clomiphene citrate to prepubertal boys. Harkness et al (1968) noted an increased urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in castrated males during clomiphene citrate therapy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Testicular Steroid Metabolism in Man

Carlström

Fredricsson

1980

Int J of Andrology

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Administration of clomiphene citrate to males with normal peripheral testosterone levels increased the serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and low polar oestrogens and also the urinary excretion of LH, low polar oestrogens, dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone and aetiocholanolone. No significant change was noted for the urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids. Addition of clomiphene citrate (10(-4) to 2 X 10(-3) M) to incubations of [7-3H, 21-14C] progesterone with human testicular biopsy specimens in vitro caused a slight inhibition in the formation of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and a slightly increased formation of 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one but no measurable changes in the C19 steroid formation. The results support the hypothesis that there is selective action of clomiphene citrate upon the adrenal C19 steroid biosynthesis in the human male, combined with an indirect effect upon the testes via the hypothalamic-pituitary system. A direct effect on the gonadal steroidogenesis can, however, not be ruled out.

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The Effect of Clomiphene on the Plasma Androgens of Pubertal and Prepubertal Boys

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Stimulation Tests of Pituitary‐leydig Cell Function in Normal Male Subjects and Hypogonadal Men

Stimulation Tests of Pituitary‐leydig Cell Function in Normal Male Subjects and Hypogonadal Men

The Influence of Hormones and Pharmaceutical Agents on DHEA and DHEA‐S Concentrations: A Review of Clinical Studies

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Testicular Steroid Metabolism in Man

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