The effect of climate change on optimal wetlands and waterfowl management in Western Canada

Withey, Patrick; Kooten, G. Cornelis van

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.11.019

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These findings align with other research done on Canada's western prairie provinces (Clair 1998; van Kooten et al 2011; Withey and van Kooten 2011) where climate warming and human modifications have reduced the flows of major rivers during the summer months (Schindler and Donahue 2006). Dry regions, such as Canada's western prairie provinces, were identified in the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment as hotspots for future environmental degradation because of the effects of climate warming and human activity (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment 2005a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region

Werner

Johnson

Guntenspergen

2013

Ecology and Evolution

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The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30-year periods (1946–1975; 1976–2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland-dependent species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region

Werner

Johnson

Guntenspergen

2013

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Though, its expansion may be controlled by precipitation variability because mangrove ecosystem is sensitive to both precipitation and temperature changes (e.g., Larson 1995;Poiani and Johnson 1991;Withey and Kooten 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of climate change downscaling and non-stationarity on the spatial pattern of a mangrove ecosystem in an arid coastal region of southern Iran

Etemadi

Phillips

Sharifikia

et al. 2015

Theor Appl Climatol

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Mangrove wetlands exist in the transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments and have remarkable ecological and socio-economic value. This study uses climate change downscaling to address the question of nonstationarity influences on mangrove variations (expansion and contraction) within an arid coastal region. Our two-step approach includes downscaling models and uncertainty assessment, followed by a non-stationary and trend procedure using the Extreme Value Analysis (extRemes code). The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model along with two different general circulation model (GCMs) (MIRH and HadCM3) were used to downscale climatic variables during current and future (2011-2030, 2045-2065, and 2080-2099) periods. Parametric and non-parametric bootstrapping uncertainty tests demonstrated that the LARS-WGS model skillfully downscaled climatic variables at the 95 % significance level. Downscaling results using MIHR model show that minimum and maximum temperatures will increase in the future (2011-2030, 2045-2065, and 2080-2099) during winter and summer in a range of + 4.21 and +4.7°C, and +3.62 and +3.55°C, respectively. HadCM3 analysis also revealed an increase in minimum (∼+ 3.03°C) and maximum (∼+3.3°C) temperatures during wet and dry seasons. In addition, we examined how much mangrove area has changed during the past decades and, thus, if climate change non-stationarity impacts mangrove ecosystems. Our results using remote sensing techniques and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney two-sample test indicated a sharp decline in mangrove area during 1972,1987, and 1997 periods (p value=0.002). Non-stationary assessment using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions by including mangrove area as a covariate further indicated that the null hypothesis of the stationary climate (no trend) should be rejected due to the very low p values for precipitation (p value=0.0027), minimum (p value=0.000000029) and maximum (p value = 0.00016) temperatures. Based on nonstationary analysis and an upward trend in downscaled temperature extremes, climate change may control mangrove development in the future.

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“…Where the use of wetlands for treatment of polluted water is concerned the answer is simple-size matters. If a wetland is built sufficiently large to manage the input of pollutants, then it should be functional for many decades (Withey and Kooten, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Design of Anaerobic Wetland System for Mining Waste Water Treatment

Ashraf¹

2011

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement: Tin mining is one of the oldest industries in Malaysia that have started since 1820s. These mining activities have resulted in about 13,700 hectors of tin tailings throughout the peninsula. These tailings have created numerous environmental problems such as threat to natural reserves due to landscape changes, damage to natural drainage, pollution and destruction of natural habitats. Approach: This research provided an approach for designing a constructed wetland system for treatment of tin-contaminated wastewater from mining catchment, a system that is known to provide a more economical treatment than the conventional system. Design of wetland was mostly based on the review of scientific literature, theoretical modelling and verification of performance via a pilot system. Results: Initially, physio-chemical characteristics and concentration of heavy metals in the soil and ponds were evaluated. It was found that the soil and water quality of area is highly degraded. This study will help for the design of the wetland for wastewater treatment. The study area consists of five mined out ponds in the catchment, each pond arranged in series with a 48 h hydraulic retention time. Wetland system comprises of three compartments in series-an 'inflow' pond receiving untreated tailings water overflowing into a wetland compartment, which in turn overflows into an 'outflow' pond receiving the now treated water. Each compartment filled with approximately 50 cm depth of a mixture of the cattle manure as (25%) and municipal waste compost (75%) as substrate. Waterproof baffles in each wetland compartment serve to increase the flow path of the water, thereby increasing the potential for sulphate retention. Additionally 30 tonnes of limestone will be deposited at the far end of the wetland, to facilitate final pH adjustment if it should be required. On site a computer connected to the pumps regulates the flow of tailings water through the systems. Conclusion: The planting density chosen is based on similar research on constructed wetlands. Proposed anaerobic wetland is first of its kind introduce for mining waste water treatment in Malaysia. Good results have achieved on laboratory scale operations for this system.

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The effect of climate change on optimal wetlands and waterfowl management in Western Canada

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region

Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region

Assessment of climate change downscaling and non-stationarity on the spatial pattern of a mangrove ecosystem in an arid coastal region of southern Iran

Developmental Design of Anaerobic Wetland System for Mining Waste Water Treatment

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