“…[23,25]), while wind energy conversion systems have had little applications in remote locations of Sokoto, Katsina and Bauchi States for water pumping and mill grinding [16,26]. Furthermore, since these applications experience fluctuations due to available solar and wind energy sources, there is thus the need for a combination of properly sized wind turbine, PV panel, storage unit and auxiliary energy (diesel-generator) components, in order to provide a reliable service so as to meet a particular load and operate in an unattended manner for extended periods of time [3,27e29].…”