The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Hemoglobin Levels and Anemia Screening

Nordenberg, Dale; Yip, Ray; Binkin, Nancy

doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450120068031

Cited by 168 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Behavioral factors : As expected from other studies, smoking turned out to have a significant positive association with the Hb level 33 34. Also, contraceptives interfere with menstrual cycles and may as such influence the Hb levels 35.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Socioeconomic determinants of haemoglobin levels of African women are less important in areas with more health facilities: a multilevel analysis

Haverkate

Smits

Meijerink

et al. 2013

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Socioeconomic determinants of haemoglobin levels of African women are less important in areas with more health facilities: a multilevel analysis

Haverkate

Smits

Meijerink

et al. 2013

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Infections and underlying health issues such as sickle cell anaemia and malaria can affect both Hb concentration and availability of ‘free’ haemoglobin due to haemolysis5253. Hb levels are also influenced by age, sex and external factors including nutritional status, certain medications, altitude, and tobacco smoking4752545556. Furthermore, there is evidence for an effect of sleep and circadian rhythms, with Hb concentration fluctuating over a 24 hour period57.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of haemoglobin and iron on in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition assays

Tanner

O’Shea

White

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The current vaccine against tuberculosis, live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG, has variable efficacy, but development of an effective alternative is severely hampered by the lack of an immune correlate of protection. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in functional in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition assays (MGIAs), which provide a measure of a range of different immune mechanisms and their interactions. We identified a positive correlation between mean corpuscular haemoglobin and in vitro growth of BCG in whole blood from healthy UK human volunteers. Mycobacterial growth in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both humans and macaques was increased following the experimental addition of haemoglobin (Hb) or ferric iron, and reduced following addition of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Expression of Hb genes correlated positively with mycobacterial growth in whole blood from UK/Asian adults and, to a lesser extent, in PBMC from South African infants. Taken together our data indicate an association between Hb/iron levels and BCG growth in vitro, which may in part explain differences in findings between whole blood and PBMC MGIAs and should be considered when using such assays.

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“…However, anemia is a complex medical condition that results from a multitude of factors. The study estimated rates of anemia based upon WHO definition using Hb levels, which had received calls for adjustments in altitude and smoking behavior [17, 35]. Data in blacks were not race adjusted as recommended by the CDC; therefore, prevalence with adjusted anemia definition would be lower among adult blacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Anemia and Moderate-Severe Anemia in the US Population (NHANES 2003-2012)

2016

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Since anemia is associated with poor health outcomes, the prevalence of anemia is a significant public health indicator. Even though anemia is primarily caused by iron deficiency, low oxygen-carrying capacity may result from other conditions such as chronic diseases, which remain a relevant health concern in the United States. However, studies examining current rates of anemia in the total US population and in more specific subgroups are limited. Data from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed to assess two outcomes: anemia and moderate-severe anemia, which were based upon serum hemoglobin levels (Hb) as per World Health Organization (WHO) definitions. Statistical analysis using SAS examined temporal trends and the prevalence of anemia among sexes, age groups, and races/ethnicities. The study estimated that an average of 5.6% of the U.S. population met the criteria for anemia and 1.5% for moderate-severe anemia during this 10-year period. High-risk groups such as pregnant women, elderly persons, women of reproductive age, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics were identified, and relationships between multiple risk factors were examined. Rates of anemia in men increased monotonically with age, while that of women increased bimodally with peaks in age group 40–49 years and 80–85 years. The effect of risk factors was observed to compound. For instance, the prevalence of anemia in black women aged 80–85 years was 35.6%, 6.4 times higher than the population average. Moreover, anemia is a growing problem because of the increased prevalence of anemia (4.0% to 7.1%) and moderate-severe anemia (1.0% to 1.9%), which nearly doubled from 2003–2004 to 2011–2012. Thus, these results augment the current knowledge on anemia prevalence, severity, and distribution among subgroups in the US and raised anemia as an issue that requires urgent public health intervention.

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The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Hemoglobin Levels and Anemia Screening

Cited by 168 publications

References 16 publications

Socioeconomic determinants of haemoglobin levels of African women are less important in areas with more health facilities: a multilevel analysis

Socioeconomic determinants of haemoglobin levels of African women are less important in areas with more health facilities: a multilevel analysis

The influence of haemoglobin and iron on in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition assays

The Prevalence of Anemia and Moderate-Severe Anemia in the US Population (NHANES 2003-2012)

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