The effect of chromium supplementation on serum lipid levels in a selected sample of canadian postmenopausal women

Bourn, Diane; Gibson, Rosalind S.; Martínez, Olga; MacDonald, A

doi:10.1007/bf02916527

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The data suggest that chromium has no effect on blood glucose in patients without diabetes. 7,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][48][49][50][51][52]72 Both studies that contained patients with and without diabetes found that, while chromium reduced serum glucose more in patients with diabetes compared with patients without, the difference was not significant. 62,64 The effect of chromium varied in investigations that included patients with diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromium effects on serum glucose and lipid levels have been studied in patients without diabetes (Table 1). 7,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] These trials lasted up to 3 months, and the number of subjects ranged from 5 to 76. Chromium picolinate, pidolate, nicotinate, chloride, chromium with GTF, and the combination of chromium chloride plus nicotinic acid were studied in daily doses of 200-1000 µg/d.…”

Section: Subjects Without Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium as Adjunctive Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2003

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjects Without Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium as Adjunctive Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2003

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“…Brewer's yeast has been considered to be a good source of the organically-bound chromium alleged to be the substance involved (reviewed by Wallach, 1985), and animals reared on low-Cr diets have been reported to have raised serum cholesterol levels (Schroeder, 1969;Stoecker & Oladut, 1985). Supplementation of the diet with inorganic Cr has been reported to lower serum cholesterol or raise HDL-cholesterol, or both, in humans (Riales & Albrink, 1981) and animals (Schroeder, 1969;Stoecker & Oladut, 1985) and to decrease aortic plaques in rabbits (Abraham et al 1982), but again other studies have failed to show an effect on serum lipids (Preston et al 1976;Rabinowitz et al 1983;Uusitupa et al 1983;Offenbacher et al 1985;Potter et al 1985;Bourn et al 1986;Li & Stoecker, 1986). Donaldson et al (1985) were unable to attribute differences in plasma cholesterol entirely to differences in dietary Cr levels.…”

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A fraction derived from brewer's yeast inhibits cholesterol synthesis by rat liver preparations in vitro

1991

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Brewer's yeast was grown on a defined medium containing tracer51Cr with or without added chromium. The two batches of yeast contained 10 μg/g (high-Cr) or 80 ng/g (low-Cr). Extracts were prepared and fractionated. A third batch of yeast (third batch) was grown with added Cr, and fractionated. Rats were reared on either rat cubes (normal diet) or on a low-Cr diet (low-Cr), or on rat cubes with added cholestyramine (cholestyramine diet). Preparations of rat liver, both cell-free and intact hepatocytes, incorporated acetate-carbon into fatty acids and cholesterol. These processes were inhibited by a yeast fraction containing small, neutral, water-soluble compounds. The degree of inhibition was the same whether the liver came from normal rats or rats fed on the low-Cr diet. Similarly the inhibitory effect was found with identical amounts of extracts from low- or high-Cr yeasts. Therefore, Cr compounds do not appear to account for the inhibitory effects of brewer's yeast. Use of other substrates indicated that the site of inhibition of sterol synthesis was apparently between acetyl-CoA and mevalonate. One inhibitory substance was isolated from yeast and was found to be nicotinamide riboside. This may have been produced from NAD(P) during the preparation of yeast extracts, and it may be produced from dietary yeast supplements during digestion in vivo. Nicotinamide riboside may be partly responsible for the reported effects of yeast supplements on plasma lipids in humans.

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Can long‐term exposure to chromium improve insulin sensitivity in chromium mine workers?

Tuzcu

Bahçeci

Dursun

et al. 2004

J Trace Elements Exper Med

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The purpose of this work was to evaluate insulin sensitivity in chromium mine workers exposed to chromium chronically. Body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass and percent, lipid levels, serum glucose, insulin, leptin and chromium levels, HOMA (%S), and HOMA (%B) values were measured in 93 male workers and 94 age-and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Fat mass and fat percent of workers were higher than control subjects (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Mean insulin level of the workers was lower than control subjects (6.2 ± 4.9 lU/mL and 9.38 ± 5, respectively, P < 0.0001). Mean serum leptin levels was also lower than the control group (8.47 ± 6.5 ng/mL and 19.0 ± 10.8, respectively, P < 0.0001). Serum chromium was higher than the control subjects (407.7 ± 224.2 nmol/L and 4.45 ± 3.9, respectively, P < 0.00001). Mean HOMA (%S) index of workers was higher than control subjects (114.4 ± 55.6 and 55.7 ± 40.6, P < 0.001). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the workers were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.02). In conclusion, long-term exposure to chromium may improve insulin sensitivity and b-cell function. This improvement appears to be a result of low body fat mass and fat percent in body composition. In addition, chromium usage may have useful effects in the insulin sensitivity and therefore in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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The effect of chromium supplementation on serum lipid levels in a selected sample of canadian postmenopausal women

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Chromium as Adjunctive Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

Chromium as Adjunctive Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

A fraction derived from brewer's yeast inhibits cholesterol synthesis by rat liver preparations in vitro

Can long‐term exposure to chromium improve insulin sensitivity in chromium mine workers?

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