The effect of cholesterol lowering on carotid and femoral artery wall stiffness and thickness in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia

Smilde, TJ; Berkmortel, Franchette W P J van den; Wollersheim, Hub; Langen, H. van; Kastelein, J.J.P.; Stalenhoef, A.F.H.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00654.x

Cited by 94 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The data for beta-blockers are not nearly as clear. Drugs that have favourable effects on outcomes and endothelial function, such as statins, have been shown to decrease arterial stiffness, but further studies are needed in this area (45,46).…”

Section: Relationship Of Arterial Stiffness To Risk Factors and Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk

Anderson

2006

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

151

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T he understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and its vascular complications has increased dramatically over the past decade. Numerous measurable biomarkers play a role in the atherosclerosis process, and are associated with clinically important vascular events. Not only has their evaluation advanced our knowledge of the atherosclerotic process but it has also accelerated a search for new diagnostic tools to aid in risk stratification. Putative factors include soluble biomarkers and imaging assessments of vascular structure and function. The endothelium plays a key role in vascular homeostasis through the release of a variety of paracrine factors that interact with platelets, inflammatory cells and the vessel wall. The endothelium's central location allows it to sense and respond to a variety of perturbations. Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of disease. Risk factors can also affect mechanical properties such as arterial stiffness, which is now recognized as a major contributor to systolic hypertension in elderly people. Methods of assessing endothelial function and arterial stiffness are available for clinical research and recent evidence suggests that these measures may provide important prognostic information. ATTRIBUTES OF A SURROGATE BIOMARKEREpidemiological studies, such as Framingham, have allowed longitudinal assessment of cardiovascular events and the development of simple scoring tables for risk calculation (1,2). These factors involved include blood pressure, lipid profile, smoking status and age. More recently, many factors thought to be associated with the atherosclerotic process have been studied. Some of these have been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes and have been deemed biomarkers (3,4). However, association does not necessarily imply causation and, due to a variety of limitations, most of these markers will not be useful for the clinical evaluation of risk or drug therapy (5). To become clinically important, a biomarker must fulfill the criteria for a surrogate marker. A surrogate substitutes for clinically important end points with respect to how an individual feels, functions or survives. Classic examples include blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. These are targets of treatment. A surrogate should meet the following criteria:• Adds independent information above currently used criteria;• Is reliably and reproducibly measured;• Accounts for a significant proportion of disease risk;• Provides good predictive value;• Is reasonably associated with the underlying pathophysiology;• If it is to be used in risk prevention, is present before the clinical appearance of the outcome; and• Is available and practical for widespread application (5-8). ADVANCES IN VASCULAR BIOLOGY

show abstract

Section: Relationship Of Arterial Stiffness To Risk Factors and Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk

Anderson

2006

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

151

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regardless of the interpretation, our study identified elevated RI as an independent predictor of GFR 1 yr after transplantation in recipients with normal histologic findings and with no history of rejection. This observation highlights the potential importance of elevated RI in identifying a group of transplant patients who are at risk for early loss of kidney function and might benefit from therapeutic interventions, possibly directed toward improving vascular compliance (32). Is the loss of circadian BP rhythm a pathogenic factor involved in allograft function loss?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Diurnal Blood Pressure Changes One Year after Kidney Transplantation

Wadei

Amer

Taler

et al. 2007

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Loss of circadian BP change has been linked to target organ damage and accelerated kidney function loss in hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Ambulatory BP-derived data from 119 consecutive kidney transplant recipients who presented for the first annual evaluation were examined in relation to allograft function, histology, and ultrasound findings. A total of 101 (85%) patients were receiving antihypertensive medications (median 2), and 85 (71%) achieved target awake average systolic BP (SBP) of <135 mmHg. A day-night change in SBP by 10% or more (dippers) was detected in 29 (24%). Dipping status was associated with younger recipient age, lack of diabetes, low chronic vascular score, and low resistive index. Nondippers and reverse dippers had lower GFR compared with dippers (P ‫؍‬ 0.04). For every 10% nocturnal drop in SBP, GFR increased by 4.6 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (R ‫؍‬ 0.3, P ‫؍‬ 0.003). Nondippers and reverse dippers were equally common in recipients with normal histology and in those with pathologic findings on surveillance biopsy. On multivariate analysis, percentage of nocturnal fall in SBP and elevated resistive index independently correlated with GFR. This study indicates that lack of nocturnal fall in SBP is related to poor allograft function, high chronic vascular score, and high resistive index irrespective of allograft fibrosis. Further studies are needed to determine whether restoration of normal BP pattern will confer better allograft outcome.

show abstract

“…Cholesterol lowering has been shown to improve arterial compliance in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (Tomochika et al, 1996;Smilde et al, 2000) and hypertension (Ferrier et al, 2002). Stanol ester margarine lowers serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations (Law 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid artery compliance in users of plant stanol ester margarine

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To investigate the effects of stanol ester margarine use in healthy subjects on arterial compliance, endothelial function and intima-media thickness. Design: Case-control study comparing regular stanol ester margarine users to non-users. Setting: Occupational health service clinic. Subjects: We recruited 50 cases and 50 controls (mean age 5178, range 26-65 years). All subjects were non-smokers and the study groups were matched for age and sex. As cases, we invited subjects who had been using regularly (daily) plant stanol ester margarine for a period of 2 years or longer. Non-invasive ultrasound was used to measure carotid artery compliance, carotid intima-media thickness and brachial artery flow-mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation. Results: The carotid artery compliance was non-significantly higher in cases compared with controls, 1.8471.02 vs 1.5870.76 %/10 mm Hg (P ¼ 0.13). The difference in compliance became statistically significant (P ¼ 0.04) when the unbalance between the groups in family history of coronary artery disease and years of education were taken into account. There was also a significant dose-response relationship between stanol margarine use and carotid compliance, longer use being associated with higher compliance. Serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation and intima-media thickness values did not differ between cases and controls. Conclusion: These data raise the possibility that regular stanol ester margarine use may be associated with beneficial changes in arterial compliance. Intervention studies are needed to test this hypothesis and to reveal possible mechanisms.

show abstract

The effect of cholesterol lowering on carotid and femoral artery wall stiffness and thickness in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia

Abstract: One year of cholesterol lowering therapy in FH decreases the wall stiffness in the CFA and the arterial wall thickness in the CCA.

Cited by 94 publications

References 35 publications

Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk

Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk

Diurnal Blood Pressure Changes One Year after Kidney Transplantation

Carotid artery compliance in users of plant stanol ester margarine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About