The effect of chlorine toxicity on certain blood parameters of adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

A literature review of the blood chemistry of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Rich.

“…The sodium sulphite content of water up to 400 ppm did not influence the protein fractions (Thurston, 1967). Shock exposure to chlorine led to disturbance of mineral homeostasis, haemolysis, and haemoconcentration, resulting in increases of plasma haemoglobin, protein, phosphate, and some metal ions, but the sodium content decreased (Zeitoun, 1977;Zeitoun et al, 1977).…”

The recovery and hematological rehabilitation of chlorine stressed adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

“…As was indicated in previous studies (Zeitoun 1977, shock chlorine exposure results in hemoconcentration, hemolysis and disruption of the plasma electrolytes . These symptoms were also clear in present experiments and qualitative and quantitative changes in the blood due to chlorine induced stress were similar in the five tests of the present study as evidenced by the small standard error val- (Table 3) .…”

“…Calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by atomic absorption, sodium and potassium by atomic emission and phosphorus by the Gomori (1942) method using visible light spectrophotometry . The blood parameters selected in this study were similar to those used in previous studies (Zeitoun 1977 which determined the hematological changes following shock chlorine exposure .…”

“…Results from other studies (Brooks 1975, Seegert et al . 1977, Brooks & Seegert 1976, 1977 have indicated that 30 minutes exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 1 .6, 0 .54 and 0 .45 mg 1 -' at 10, 15 and 20°C respectively, did not cause any mortalities .…”

“…Acute exposure of adult rainbow trout to chlorine resulted in hemoconcentration, hemolysis of erythrocytes and disruption of blood homeostasis (Zeitoun 1977 . Hemolysis and anemia were found in fingerling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) chronically exposed to chlorine (Buckley et al .…”