The effect of chemical detergents on the decellularization process of olive leaves for tissue engineering applications

Abstract

The decellularization of plant tissues can be one of the design options of scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chemical detergents such as Triton X‐100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in different concentrations were used to decellularize olive leaves as an acellular plant matrix for tissue engineering. The samples were investigated by different analyses such as Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, SEM, tensile strength, swelling, water vapor transmission, and toxicity. The results of staining and toxicity tests showed that the Triton X‐100 decellularized samples at a concentration of 0.1% had the best morphology and the lowest toxicity. Mechanical results showed that the elasticity modulus of acellular samples was significantly reduced compared to normal leaf samples. While swelling rate and water vapor transmission in acellular samples compared to the control sample doubled and tripled, respectively. In general, acellular olive leaf can be suggested as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications.

Bacterial Decellularization: Non-Chemical Production of Effective Plant Tissue Bio-Scaffolds

“…In this study we describe a biological, rather than the more commonly used chemical methods (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) for leaf decellularization that yields an effective bio-scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Commonly used chemicals for plant decellularization include sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic detergent, the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 and bleach, an oxidizing chemical.…”

“…While these chemicals are all technically biodegradable, their use adds to the cost of the decellularization process, and they are considered harmful to the environment when present at high levels (18)(19)(20). As a technical limitation it has been noted that the use of high concentrations of SDS during chemical decellularization can result in higher levels of seeded mammalian cell death (21). This is likely due to SDS molecules remaining bound to the scaffold even with adequate aqueous washing, a common feature of surfactants, and then disrupting mammalian cell membranes following the cell seeding process ultimately leading to an increase in quantified cell death.…”