The effect of chemical bulking control on biological nutrient removal in a full scale activated sludge plant

Saayman, G. B.; Schutte, C. F.; Leeuwen, J. van

doi:10.2166/wst.1996.0441

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Van Leeuwen and Pretorius (1988) have reported that filamentous bulking can be controlled by continuous ozone dosage in the aerobic zone of a small pilot-scale activated sludge system. Saayman et al (1996) working on a full-scale activated sludge plant for biological nutrient removal, have observed the consistent positive effect of ozone on bulking control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effectiveness of chlorination and ozonation methods on pure cultures of floc-forming micro-organisms and activated sludge: A comparative study

Caravelli¹,

Giannuzzi²,

Zaritzky³

2007

WSA

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Chlorination is a very useful control method of filamentous bulking in activated sludge systems; however, it favours formation of undesirable compounds such as trihalomethanes. Other oxidants, such as ozone, could be used for bulking control. In view of the fact that chlorine and ozone are both non-selective chemical agents affecting filamentous and floc-forming micro-organisms, the determination of optimum dosage conditions becomes essential to minimise the impact produced on the activated sludge process. In this work, the effects of chlorine and ozone on the biomass concentration of activated sludge and on different parameters that characterise the microbial metabolic activity were compared. The following techniques were applied: Respirometry (oxygen uptake rate); and INT-dehydrogenase activity test carried out both by spectrophotometry (DHA a ) and image analysis (DHA i ). The respirometric technique and the DHA a test quantified oxidants action on the total respiratory activity of flocs; the image DHA i test was applied to evaluate the specific action of the oxidants on filamentous micro-organisms. Additionally, plate count technique, respirometry and DHA a test were correlated using chlorine and ozone experiments on pure cultures of a floc-forming micro-organism (Acinetobacter anitratus) to compare the effect of the oxidising agents on the metabolic activity and the viability of the micro-organisms. Ozone was found to have more intense antimicrobial action. In activated sludge, ozone reduced total biomass concentration by oxidising various components and causing cell lysis. An equation was proposed to estimate biomass concentration of activated sludge as a function of time and ozone dose rate; in contrast, at the doses applied, chlorine did not reduce the concentration of activated sludge biomass. In activated sludge, adequate conditions for both oxidants were identified under which the respiratory activity of filamentous micro-organisms could be considerably inhibited, causing the lowest possible impact on whole floc metabolic activity. An initial chlorine dose of 7.9 mgCl 2 ·gVSS -1 for a contact time of 5 min (initial pulse= 6.0 mgCl 2 ·ℓ -1 ), and a total ozone dose of 66.0 mgO 3 ·gVSS -1 (ozone dose rate of 3.3 mgO 3 ·gVSS -1 ·min -1 for a contact time of 20 min) were the most suitable conditions to control filamentous bulking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effectiveness of chlorination and ozonation methods on pure cultures of floc-forming micro-organisms and activated sludge: A comparative study

Caravelli¹,

Giannuzzi²,

Zaritzky³

2007

WSA

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“…A membrane can separate a mixture of two or more liquids by applying a vacuum on one side. Ozone has also been used within activated sludge for selective disinfection to enhance the settleability of the biomass (79,80) and for selective oxidation to reduce toxicity and increase biodegradability (81). The separation by PV is governed by the difference in solvents sorption affinity and diffusion coefficients in the membrane (72).…”

Section: Ethanol Purification Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking ethanol quality beyond fuel grade: A review

et al. 2016

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Ethanol production in the United States approached 15 billion gal/year in 2015. Only about 2.5% of this was food‐grade alcohol, but this represents a higher‐value product than fuels or other uses. The ethanol production process includes corn milling, cooking, saccharification, fermentation, and separation by distillation. Volatile byproducts are produced during the fermentation of starch. These include other alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids and esters. Food‐grade ethanol is generally produced by wet milling, where starch and sugars are separated from the other corn components, resulting in much smaller concentrations of the impurities than are obtained from fermentation of dry‐milled corn, where cyclic and heterocyclic compounds are produced from lignin in the corn hull. Some of these volatile byproducts are likely to show up in the distillate and these fermentation byproducts in ethanol could cause unpleasant flavours and affect human health if used for human consumption. There is some interest in improving ethanol quality, since human consumption represents a higher value. Advanced purification techniques, such as ozone oxidation, currently used for drinking water and municipal wastewater treatment, offer possibilities for adaptation in ethanol quality improvement. The development of analytical techniques has enabled the detection of low‐concentration compounds and simple quality assurance of food‐grade alcohol. This review includes the most recent ethanol production methods, potential ethanol purification techniques and analytical techniques. Application of such techniques would aid in the development of simplified alcohol production. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

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“…Although different non-specific methods have different performance and results in lab-scale or full-scale systems, High cost; (Saaymant et al, 1996) Flocculating agents 30 mg Fe 2þ /L Aeration tank Type 0092 and Thiothrix…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control filamentous bulking caused by chlorine-resistant Type 021N bacteria through adding a biocide CTAB

et al. 2012

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The effect of chemical bulking control on biological nutrient removal in a full scale activated sludge plant

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of chlorination and ozonation methods on pure cultures of floc-forming micro-organisms and activated sludge: A comparative study

Effectiveness of chlorination and ozonation methods on pure cultures of floc-forming micro-organisms and activated sludge: A comparative study

Taking ethanol quality beyond fuel grade: A review

Control filamentous bulking caused by chlorine-resistant Type 021N bacteria through adding a biocide CTAB

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