The Effect of Channa striata Extract on Serum Albumin and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Albumin is a marker of nutritioinal inflammation and mortality. Chronic inflammation, as indicated by the concentration of a proinflammatory cytokine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was reported to be high in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Channa striata (CS) contains high protein that can increase albumin levels and has anti-inflammatory effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of CS extract on serum albumin and hs-CRP on ESRD patients. Methods: This study is a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Subjects were randomized to either a CS or a placebo group and were given a three times daily dosage of 500 mg of CS extract or 500 mg maltodextrin, respectively for 21 days. Serum albumin and hs-CRP were measured at the baseline, and at the end of the study. Result: Forty subjects were randomized into the study with 20 in the Channa striata group and 20 in the placebo group, with HD and CAPD patient evenly distributed among the group. Significant increase in serum albumin levels (p<0,001) and significant decrease of hs-CRP (p<0,001) were observed in the treatment group compared to control group at the end of the study. At the end of the study, there was no significant difference between serum albumin, hs-CRP, and their gradient between HD and CAPD patients in the intervention group. Conclusion: CS extract results in higher serum albumin and lower hs-CRP levels compared to placebo in our population.

The Efficacy of Channa Striata Extract Administration in Improving Albumin and Creatinine Levels in Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

“…In assessing serum albumin levels, it was found that the group receiving CS extract supplementation did not experience a decrease in albumin levels after treatment (2.76 + 0.41 versus 2.76 + 0.40) compared to controls, who experienced a statistically significant decrease (2.78 + 0.38 gr/dl to 2.56 + 0.37). According to previous studies, CS extract increased serum albumin levels in ESRD patients (Putranto et al, 2023). Meanwhile, the use of CS extract in other critical diseases (e.g., stroke) may increase albumin levels after CS supplementation (Kasim et al, 2017).…”

“…Previous studies have reported that Channa striata (CS) albumin extract has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects and can stabilize PAI-1 levels in sepsis patients because it also contains chitosan and glutathione (Hu et al, 2021;Putranto et al, 2023). In assessing serum albumin levels, it was found that the group receiving CS extract supplementation did not experience a decrease in albumin levels after treatment (2.76 + 0.41 versus 2.76 + 0.40) compared to controls, who experienced a statistically significant decrease (2.78 + 0.38 gr/dl to 2.56 + 0.37).…”

“…The increase in albumin is caused by the high content of amino acids needed in the process of albumin synthesis in CS extract. In another study conducted, the extract was shown to accelerate the wound healing process and have antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities by increasing IGF-1 levels, which in turn will increase albumin levels (Kwan et al, 2020;Mustafa et al, 2013;Putranto et al, 2023;Siddaiah et al, 2022). It contributes to maintaining muscle mass, antiinflammatory, antioxidants, and preventing apoptosis (Ma'rufi et al, 2019;Mulyana et al, 2017).…”

“…The study found that the administration of striped snakehead fish extract was more effective in stabilizing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in sepsis patients than administering 20% human albumin and stabilizing neutrophil levels. Another study conducted by Putranto et al (2023);and Isamahendra et al (2023) showed that the administration of striped snakehead fish extract increased the level of serum albumin and decreased the high levels of Creactive protein (HS-CRP) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in sepsis patients, striped snakehead albumin extract is more effective than administration of 20% human albumin. In addition to being less expensive than parenteral albumin, striped snakehead fish extract is as effective as parenteral albumin in preventing thrombocytopenia in sepsis patients.…”

“…In addition to being less expensive than parenteral albumin, striped snakehead fish extract is as effective as parenteral albumin in preventing thrombocytopenia in sepsis patients. Currently, there are not enough studies discussing the effectiveness of using Channa striata extract as an albumin supplement in sepsis patients, so further evaluation is needed (Hu et al, 2021;Putranto et al, 2023). This study aims to determine the role of Channa striata extract (CSE) in improving albumin and creatinine in sepsis patients.…”