The effect of chair-based pedal exercises for older people admitted to an acute hospital compared to standard care: a feasibility study

Effectiveness of exercise intervention on physical and health outcomes in patients admitted to an acute medical ward: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review 9,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] with a total of 1273 participants (Figure 1). As one study 31 was a secondary analysis of an original RCT, 9 only data from the original RCT were included in the meta-analyses.…”

“…The studies included between 16 and 370 participants, with an age range of 51 to 88 years, and all studies included male and female participants (Table 1). Seven studies included participants admitted for multiple medical reasons, including pulmonary, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal admission codes, 9,21,22,[25][26][27]29 three studies included participants only with respiratory conditions, 23,24,30 one study included participants only with cardiovascular conditions 20 and one study included participants only with type 2 diabetes. 28 The characteristics of the studies are summarised in Table 1.…”

“…The quality of the included studies was fair to high on both the PEDro and TESTEX scales (Tables 2 and 3). Eight studies were deemed to be of fair quality 9,[22][23][24][26][27][28]30 and four of high quality. 21,22,25,29 Studies were downgraded on the PEDro scale due to a lack of blinding of both therapists, assessors and participants.…”

“…9,20,21,25,[28][29][30] Two studies included both walking and strength-based exercise ; 23,27 walking was the single exercise intervention for two studies, 22,24 and a chair-based pedal protocol was the only intervention for another. 26 The duration of each exercise intervention session was reported in all but three studies. 20,22,30 One study included an exercise duration of five minutes 26 and all other studies reported exercise duration between 20 and 50 minutes.…”

A mixed-methods feasibility study of a sit-to-stand based exercise programme to maintain knee-extension muscle strength for older patients during hospitalisation

“…McCullagh, O’Connell[ 5 ] reported that the majority of participants recruited completed more than 75% of sessions, Martinez-Velilla, Casas-Herrero[ 4 ] reported an impressive adherence of 96% to their morning supervised sessions, and perhaps even more impressively, an adherence of 83% to afternoon unsupervised sessions. On the other end of the spectrum, McGowan, Ong[ 28 ] asked participants to pedal unsupervised for five minutes three times a day, and reported that despite an average length of stay in hospital of five days, a median total pedal time of five minutes was recorded during the entire study period. The success of Martinez-Velilla, Casas-Herrero[ 4 ] may speak to the importance of a systems approach aimed at changing the culture of both staff and patients.…”