The Effect of Cecal Coccidiosis Infections and Experimental Hemorrhage upon Adrenal Ascorbic Acid Levels in the Chicken

Challey, John R.

doi:10.2307/3275520

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…days. The increase in adrenal weight is in agreement with Challey (1960) who observed a tendency (non-significant) for the adrenal weights to be heavier in the infected birds from the fifth to the eighth day of infection. A similar increase in adrenal AA concentration and adrenal weight was shown by Larsh (1963) during infections with trichinosis (Trichinella spirallis) in hamsters.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Mortality is not a usual feature of E. acervulina infection although it has been known t o occur. The depletion of adrenal AA during coccidiosis differs from the claim of Challey (1960Challey ( , 1966 to have obtained a significant increase in AA concentration of the adrenal gland on the fourth, fifth and sixth days of infection. Although caecal coccidiosis (E. tenella) was used in these experiments which may influence the results, a close study of his values (1960) showed that there was in fact a significant decrease of the vitamin on the third and fourth…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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The effect of intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) on blood and tissue ascorbic acid concentrations

Kechik

Sykes

1979

Br J Nutr

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I. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) on blood plasma and tissue ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations in chicks, and a third experiment was carried out to examine the role of dietary AA in this infection.2. Experimental infection with intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) brought about a depletion in the concentration of AA in blood plasma, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver and the adrenal glands. Generally, these changes were obtained after the prepatent period of 4-5 d of the infection.3. Dietary AA at 1000 mg/kg prevented the depletion in plasma and tissue AA levels but did not significantly affect adrenal weight.The first indication of a possible requirement for exogenous ascorbic acid (AA) in poultry was made by Holst & Halbrook (1933) who observed that chicks suffering from a scurvy-like disease recovered completely when a diet rich in AA was fed, and they concluded that chickens require AA under certain stress conditions in which synthesis of the vitamin may be impaired. Bell et al. (1941) supported the previously mentioned observation and reported a dramatic recovery in laying hens showing symptoms of leg-weakness, by treatment with AA. In rats, which, like the chicken, also synthesize AA, an exogenous supply of the vitamin has been shown to be beneficial under certain stress situations: Malathi & Ganguiy (1964) demonstrated a better resistance to vitamin A deficiency when exogenous AA was supplied; Gala1 et al. (1974) reported that AA reduced the number of gastric ulcers. In rabbits, Zohdy et al. (1974) indicated that AA tended to abolish electroencephalographic changes induced by experimental atherosclerosis. The purpose of the following experiment was to examine the changes in AA concentrations in blood plasma and tissues of male chicks infected experimentally with intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) and to see whether supplementation with dietary A A has any beneficial effects. This disease was chosen as a form of stress because it is reproducible experimentally, but it is not lethal. The infection involves mainly the upper part of the small intestine (up to the yolk stalk or Meckel's diverticulum) and it was here that depletion of AA occurred with hot climates as a stress factor (Kechik, 1971). MATERIALS A N D METHODSExpt I Eighteen, 7-d-old cockerels of a medium hybrid strain were used in this experiment. They were allowed ad lib. access to food and water and continuous artificial light was used. The food was a commercial-type chick crumb without added coccidiostat. Twelve chicks were infected orally with two million sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina and the remaining six were kept separately as controls. On day 5 of the infection, six of the infected and three of the control chicks were killed and the duodenum, jejunum, liver and adrenal glands immedi-

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

The effect of intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) on blood and tissue ascorbic acid concentrations

Kechik

Sykes

1979

Br J Nutr

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“…In the present study, the increases of plasma MDA concentrations and the marked reduction of the blood SOD activity in E. acervulina infected birds evidenced the occurrence of an oxidative stress due to infection and the impairment of antioxidant/pro-oxidant equilibrium in favour of pro-oxidants. The number of facts evidencing the existence of a changed expression of the principal antioxidant enzymes in various diseases is increasing, but the reports are rather conflicting [12, 42–44]. The concomitant increase of CAT activity (Figure 1) would be compensatory mechanism in infected birds against E. acervulina -induced oxidative damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Supplementation againstEimeria acervulina-Induced Oxidative Damage in Broiler Chickens

Georgieva

Gabrashanska

Koinarski

et al. 2011

Veterinary Medicine International

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This study was undertaken to determine the dietary supplements of Zn containing diet on the antioxidant status in chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria acervulina. The antioxidant status was monitored via determination of MDA concentrations and erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities, as well as vitamin E, vitamin C, Cu, and Zn in liver, muscle, and serum. The results showed increased MDA (P < .05), CAT (P < .001), and decreased SOD (P < .001) in the infected birds. Significant changes in Cu and Zn concentrations and dramatically reduction of vitamin C and E concentrations in the infected chickens were found. The observed deviations in the studied enzymes and nonenzymatic parameters evidence the occurrence of oxidative stress following the infection and impaired antioxidant status of chickens, infected with Eimeria acervulina. Our results proved the ameliorating role of CuZn(OH)3Cl (0.170 g per kg food) against Eimeria acervulina-induced oxidative damage in infected chickens.

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“…Applying the criteria elucidated above, it has been confirmed that diverse pathogens such as Eimeria tenella, Escherichia coli, Capillaria obsignata, Plasmodium gallinaceum and Salmonella gallinarum act as stressors (Josephson et al, 1949; Garren and Barber, 1955;Challey, 1960Challey, , 1962Challey, , 1966Juszkiewicz et al, 1964;Chubb et al, 1964;Kendler and Harry, 1967) although in the case of E. tenella the stress response may be a non-specific reaction to the haemorrhage rather than a specific one to the disease (Challey, 1960;B. M. Freeman, unpublished observation).…”

Section: Diseases As Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stress and the Domestic Fowl: a Physiological Appraisal

Freeman

1971

World's Poultry Science Journal

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The Effect of Cecal Coccidiosis Infections and Experimental Hemorrhage upon Adrenal Ascorbic Acid Levels in the Chicken

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) on blood and tissue ascorbic acid concentrations

The effect of intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina) on blood and tissue ascorbic acid concentrations

Zinc Supplementation againstEimeria acervulina-Induced Oxidative Damage in Broiler Chickens

Stress and the Domestic Fowl: a Physiological Appraisal

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