The Effect of Cd Stress in Mineral Nutrient Uptake in Plants

Mourato, Miguel; Pinto, Filipa; Moreira, I.; Sales, Joana; Leitão, Inês; Martins, L. L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814864-8.00013-9

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Heavy metals interfere with the metabolic processes that result in chlorosis, poor growth, altered branching pattern, and reduction in the meristematic zone, and subsequently loss of crop (Bini, Wahsha, Fontana, & Maleci, 2012; Singh et al, 2015). The present study showed reduced foliar thickness and chlorosis in older leaves (Figure 2), which may be due to deficiency of nutrients as the concentration of heavy metals increased as mentioned by Mourato et al (2019). During the present study, metals (Cd & Cr) in combined form (Cd + Cr) showed synergistic effects and fewer toxicity symptoms, but when applied separately behaved antagonistically with nutrients, yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and other morphological abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of heavy metals effects on morpho‐anatomical alterations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Nazir

Rafique

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cd and Cr as separate and in combinations in hydroponically grown seedlings of FA‐08 and SH‐13 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the root as compared to shoot and were more pronounced in SH‐13 than FA‐08 cultivar. The decrease in the seedling length and biomass was observed when the metals were applied in combined form (Cd–Cr 80–120, Cd–Cr 100–120, Cr–Cd 140–80, and Cr–Cd 140–100). There were more declines in root length in the cultivar SH‐13 as compared to the shoot length, as the concentration of HMs increased. The root at level Cr‐140 and shoot at level Cd‐100 showed more reduction in SH‐13 than FA‐08. The high concentration of Cd and Cr affected the root epidermis, the cortical cells, and the xylem vessel. The size and number of stomata, length of long cells and short cells, and trichome were reduced at the concentration Cd‐100 and Cr‐140. The present study showed that the higher concentration of Cd and Cr affects the morpho‐anatomical features of both selected wheat cultivar moderately.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of heavy metals effects on morpho‐anatomical alterations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Nazir

Rafique

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…The EBR application decreased the negative effects of the Cd 2+ on plant biomass, showing increases in the LDM, RDM, SDM and TDM values of Cd‐stressed plants. Cd stress reduces the biomass (Kaya et al 2020a) and this fact is related to ROS accumulation (Khanna et al 2019, Kaya et al 2020b), decreases in photosynthetic pigments (Kaya et al 2020c), alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure and gas exchange (Djebali et al 2005, Vaculík et al 2015), water balance (Sandalio et al 2001), decreases in nutrient uptake and distribution (Mourato et al 2019), inhibition of NO 3 − assimilation (Rodríguez‐Serrano et al 2009), and reductions in root development (Kim et al 2014). This study demonstrated that the EBR application inhibited the toxic effects of Cd 2+ on chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, oxidative compounds and pigments, besides improving the nutrient uptake, thus, contributing positively to the growth of E. urophylla plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cd 2+ ions can be absorbed by the roots and accumulated in different cell compartments (stem and leaf) using transporters of other essential elements, such as Ca 2+ , Fe 2+ and Zn 2+ . Therefore, Cd 2+ uptake, being a competitive process, is often related to a decrease in the content of other essential elements (Mourato et al 2019, Kaya et al 2019b). Specifically, on increments verified in Fe, Zn and Cu contents after EBR treatment, these results will generate probably benefits on the formation of chloroplast constitutive proteins, because Fe is a metal intrinsically related to the formation of the cytochrome b6f complex and ferredoxin (López‐Millán et al 2013, Roncel et al 2016), as well as Zn and Cu supplies are essential to modulation of the antioxidant enzymes, including the superoxide dismutase (CuZn‐SOD) (Sinclair and Krämer 2012, Billard et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf application of 24‐epibrassinolide mitigates cadmium toxicity in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants by modulating leaf anatomy and gas exchange

et al. 2020

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Cadmium (Cd2+) soil pollution is a global environmental problem caused by the high toxicity of Cd. 24‐Epibrassinolide (EBR) is a biodegradable plant steroid involved in response modulation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the leaf‐application of EBR improves the gas exchange and possible repercussions on leaf anatomy in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants exposed to Cd toxicity. The experiment involved six treatments, which included three Cd concentrations (0, 450, and 900 μM) and two EBR concentrations (0 and 100 nM, described as – EBR and + EBR, respectively). Plants exposed to Cd toxicity suffered decreases in leaf anatomical and gas exchange parameters. However, the plants treated with EBR + 900 μM Cd showed an increase of 46%, 40%, and 54% in the net photosynthetic rate, water‐use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, respectively. The EBR application‐induced improvements in gas exchange parameters, causing beneficial effects on the photosynthetic apparatus, mainly the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and electron transport rate. Furthermore, this steroid mitigated the effect of Cd toxicity on leaf anatomical variables, more specifically palisade and spongy parenchyma, which are intrinsically related to stomatal density, and stimulated the net photosynthetic rate of plants.

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“…From mostly affecting Cd dynamics in cacao-growing farmlands and cacao beans, it has been observed that several soil parameters should be assessed. Particularly, one could take into account: 1. soil pH, as highlighted in previous studies (He et al 2015), showing that as pH decreases, Cd uptake by plant increases; 2. cationic composition, as the uptake of Cd is frequently related to a decrease in the uptake of other essential elements, due to a competitive process (Mourato et al 2019); 3. SOM, considering that the organic constituents, introduced through natural vegetation and farming form both soluble and insoluble complexes with Cd and, thereby, play a role in Cd transformation, have the ability to perturb the hydrolytic reactions of aluminium (Al) and the crystallization of their precipitation products; 4. the ratio of aluminosilicates/Al oxides, as these have specific adsorption sites for Cd ions induced by forming covalent bonds by the affinity of Cd for oxygen (Ramtahal et al 2019); and 5. the genetic of cacao varieties (Lewis et al 2018;Engbersen et al 2019), because between varieties, the biotranslocation/bioaccumulation ratio may vary even if 'as species', Theobroma cacao L. has been classified as hyperaccumulator (Kirkham 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium distribution in soils, soil litter and cacao beans: a case study from Colombia

Gil‐Restrepo

López-Zuleta

Quiroga-Mateus

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Cadmium is a toxic non-essential metal for almost all living systems. It is one of the biggest challenges for farmlands and the food chain because of its toxic effect on human health. This research aims to determine the Cd content in soils, litter and cacao beans, following the Cd fluxes within each cacao system using the two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography technique. The study was carried out in four farms located in the Magdalena basin in Antioquia, Colombia. The farms showed a heterogeneity in relation to cacao cultivars, altitude, topography and geology. The soil cation electrical capacity, pH and soil organic matter levels, as well as the Al, Al 3+ H + , Ca, K, Mg and P contents were measured at different depths. Moreover, the Cd content was correlated to the resistivity values of samples taken in situ using ERT. Soil Al 3+ H + and the altitude of the farms fitted as the best predictors of the beans' Cd content. Furthermore, the Cd content in soils from the assessed farms ranged between 1.22 and 2.03 mg kg −1 . The Cd content in cocoa beans ranged from 0.07 to 1.44 mg kg −1 , with a value of 0.40 mg kg −1 on average. The resistivity values obtained in field showed a high correlation with the soil Cd content determined (R 2 = 0.82). The predictive tomography plots highlighted topsoil Cd dynamics between litter, amendments and fertilizers. Therefore, these results underlie the utility of the combined geophysical techniques and soil chemical properties including the analysis of fertilizer amendments to improve the understanding of Cd dynamic.

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The Effect of Cd Stress in Mineral Nutrient Uptake in Plants

Cited by 34 publications

References 114 publications

Evaluation of heavy metals effects on morpho‐anatomical alterations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Evaluation of heavy metals effects on morpho‐anatomical alterations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Leaf application of 24‐epibrassinolide mitigates cadmium toxicity in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants by modulating leaf anatomy and gas exchange

Cadmium distribution in soils, soil litter and cacao beans: a case study from Colombia

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