The Effect of Case Rate and Coinfection Rate on the Positive Predictive Value of a Registry Data-Matching Algorithm

Xia, Qiang; Braunstein, Sarah L.; Stadelmann, Laura E.; Pathela, Preeti; Torian, Lucia V.

doi:10.1177/00333549141291s112

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Various factors can influence the PPV of diagnostic methods (26,27), including a strong correlation between the prevalence rates. The MDR-TB prevalence rate in previously treated cases is higher than that in new TB cases around the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories

et al. 2015

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The increasing burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses an escalating threat to national TB control programs. To assist appropriate treatment for TB patients, accurate and rapid detection of drug resistance is critical. The GeneChip test is a novel molecular tool for the diagnosis of TB drug resistance. Performance-related data on GeneChip are limited, and evaluation in new and previously treated TB cases has never been performed. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of GeneChip in detecting resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) and in detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in comparison with standard drug susceptibility testing (DST) and compared the results in a group of previously treated and newly detected TB patients in an urban area in southeastern China. One thousand one hundred seventy-three (83.8%) new cases and 227 (16.2%) previously treated cases were collected between January 2011 and September 2013. The GeneChip showed a specificity of 97.8% and a sensitivity of 94.8% for detection of RMP resistance and 97.3% and 70.9%, respectively, for INH resistance in new cases. For previously treated cases, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate are 94.6%, 91.3%, and 92.1%, respectively, for detection of RMP resistance and 69.7%, 95.4%, and 86.8%, respectively, for INH resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of MDR-TB were 81.8% and 99.0% in new cases and 77.8% and 93.4% in previously treated cases, respectively. The GeneChip system provides a simple, rapid, reliable, and accurate clinical assay for the detection of TB drug resistance, and it is a potentially important diagnostic tool in a high-prevalence area. T uberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillusMycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a major global health problem. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated an incidence of 8.6 million new TB cases and 1.3 million TB deaths (just under 1.0 million among HIV-negative people and 0.3 million HIV-associated TB deaths) (1).The emergence of drug-resistant TB (especially multidrug-resistant TB [MDR-TB], defined as resistance to both rifampin [RMP] and isoniazid [INH]) represents a serious threat to TB control efforts worldwide. Globally, 3.6% of new TB cases and 20.2% of previously treated cases are estimated to have MDR-TB (1, 2). Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear microscopy is the most common method for diagnosing TB. However, low sensitivity and an inability to detect smear-negative pulmonary cases limit the usefulness of this technique (3, 4). Diagnosis based on culture is the reference standard, but results take weeks to obtain. Conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) can provide definitive results, but this approach is time-consuming and usually requires several weeks to produce susceptibility profiles, which can lead to inadequate treatment and further acquired drug resistance during this period (5, 6). Therefore, highly sensitive and specific, easy-toapply, quick, and cost-effective methods are needed in the ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories

et al. 2015

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“…The resulting data were deduplicated and matched to the New York City HIV and HCV surveillance registries to ascertain previously diagnosed and reported infection by using LinkPlus 2.0 (CDC, Atlanta, GA), a probabilistic record linkage program for cancer registry linkage and deduplication. 21…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undiagnosed HIV and HCV Infection in a New York City Emergency Department, 2015

et al. 2018

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“…For the probabilistic approach, we used Link Plus, a records linking package developed at CDC's Division of Cancer Prevention to assist in the creation of cancer registries . The software is freely available and has been used in a variety of projects . From the available choices, we selected Link Plus because it offers flexible options for matching on predefined fields, allows the use of street address as a matching variable, and can quickly process moderate sized files (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The software is freely available and has been used in a variety of projects. [14][15][16][17] From the available choices, we selected Link Plus because it offers flexible options for matching on predefined fields, allows the use of street address as a matching variable, and can quickly process moderate sized files (e.g. matching 60 000 deliveries to 150 000 infants in 9 min on a desktop computer with four processors and four gigabytes of RAM), allowing rapid calibration of matching parameters.…”

Section: Record Linkagementioning

confidence: 99%

Linking mothers and infants within electronic health records: a comparison of deterministic and probabilistic algorithms

Baldwin

Johnson

Berthoud

et al. 2014

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf

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The Effect of Case Rate and Coinfection Rate on the Positive Predictive Value of a Registry Data-Matching Algorithm

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories

Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories

Undiagnosed HIV and HCV Infection in a New York City Emergency Department, 2015

Linking mothers and infants within electronic health records: a comparison of deterministic and probabilistic algorithms

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