The effect of carbonization temperature on the structure and properties of carbon fibers prepared from poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) precursor

Karacan, İsmail; Erzurumluoğlu, Levent

doi:10.1007/s12221-015-5030-6

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Above this temperature, shrinkage was negligible. This shrinkage is comparable with that seen, for instance, in the carbonization of PAN fibers …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…With the equipment used, a TMA, it is only possible to control the applied load, whereas in a production facility it would be more suitable to control the strain in different temperature steps. In this way, it is hoped that an increased orientation of the lignin molecules could be obtained, which could lead to improved strength properties . The critical factor when applying a load to the fibers, or restraining its shrinkage, is the choice of temperature at which to apply the load and the magnitude of the load in order not to break the fiber during processing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of lignin carbon fibers: Evaluation of the carbonization process

Kleinhans¹,

Salmén²

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The use of lignin as a renewable resource for the production of less-expensive carbon fibers has in recent years attracted great interest. In order to develop the strength properties, the stabilization and carbonization processes have to be optimized. For this reason, the process parameters during carbonization have here been studied on stabilized lignin fibers in the temperature interval from 300 to 1300 8C. The effects of temperature, heating rate, and straining of fibers during carbonization on the strength properties of carbon fibers were investigated. The heating rate, in the range from 1 to 40 8C/min, was shown to have no effect on the property development of the fibers. During carbonization with no load applied to the fibers, a shrinkage of 20% was noted. Counteracting the shrinkage by imposing a load on the fibers during the carbonization resulted in fibers with a greater stiffness. The tensile strength was not, however, affected by this loading.

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“…Above this temperature, shrinkage was negligible. This shrinkage is comparable with that seen, for instance, in the carbonization of PAN fibers …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of lignin carbon fibers: Evaluation of the carbonization process

Kleinhans¹,

Salmén²

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Figure 7 illustrates the main features in the Raman spectra of reclaimed-CF called G and D bands, centered at around 1590 and 1380 cm −1 , respectively for all stages of CFRP thermal decomposition. The G-band is attributed to the in-plane vibrations of sp 2 -bonded crystalline carbon and has been observed in single-crystal graphite, while D-band, is assigned to the in-plane vibrations of sp 2 -bonded carbon with structural imperfections (Ismail andLevent 2015, Deng et al 2019).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Decomposition Stagesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermal analysis of carbon fibre reinforced polymer decomposition

Yatim

Shamsudin

Shaaban

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The increasing number of carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP) waste disposed of in landfills is creating environmental concerns due to the potential release of toxic by-products and the need for recycling. This research work investigates the influence of atmosphere (single and combination of nitrogen and oxygen) and heating rate (5 and 10°C min −1 ) on the thermal decomposition of CFRP to recover the reclaimed-cf The samples were heated up to 420°C in a nitrogen atmosphere followed by heating in the oxygen atmosphere from 420°C until the final heating temperature at different heating rates. The thermal decomposition behavior of the CFRP waste was compared by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Morphological, chemical and structural analysis of reclaimed-CF was performed using SEM, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy respectively. A nitrogen atmosphere was significance at the early temperature (<420°C) to decompose smaller molecules of epoxy resin components, while oxygen atmosphere is needed to achieve a complete separation of reclaimed-CF from their matrix. Thermal decomposition at lower heating rate (5°C min −1 ) was found efficiently to eliminate the complex epoxy resin and retain the structure of reclaimed-cf The particular thermal decomposition technique that leads to a lower final heating temperature (540°C) is present to recover valuable reclaimed-CF from complex CFRP industrial waste.

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“…This indicates that the diameter of the LCFs decreased with an increase in the carbonization temperature. This can be attributed to the mass loss caused by the loss of non-carbon elements from the LCFs in the form of volatiles at high carbonization temperatures [23,24]. As can be observed from Figure 2a, all the samples showed two broad diffraction peaks at 24 and 44° corresponding to the (002) plane of graphitic carbon and the (100) plane of amorphous carbon, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Carbonization Temperature On the Morphology And Stmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Effect Of Carbonization Temperature On the Morphology And Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano MnO2 Radially Grown on Lignin-Based Carbon Fiber by One-Step Solution Reaction for Supercapacitors with High Performance

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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MnO2-deposited lignin-based carbon fiber (MnO2-LCF) mats are fabricated for supercapacitor applications. LCF mats are produced from alkali lignin via electrospinning followed by stabilization and carbonization. The carbonization process is carried out at 800, 900, and 1000 °C, and the corresponding mats are denoted as MnO2-LCF-800, MnO2-LCF-900, and MnO2-LCF-1000, respectively. The LCF mats are immersed in a KMnO4 solution at room temperature for 72 h to obtain MnO2-LCF mats. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirm the deposition of MnO2 on the LCFs. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy reveal that MnO2-LCF-800 mat possesses a large number of mesopores and Mn vacancies as compared to MnO2-LCF-900 mat and MnO2-LCF-1000 mat. Consequently, MnO2-LCF-800 mat possesses the best electrochemical properties with a specific capacitance of 131.28 F∙g−1, an energy density of 14.77 Wh∙kg−1, and a power density of 135.01 W∙kg−1 at a specific current of 0.3 A∙g−1. Hence, MnO2-LCF-800 mat shows high potential to be used as a high-performance supercapacitor.

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The effect of carbonization temperature on the structure and properties of carbon fibers prepared from poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) precursor

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Development of lignin carbon fibers: Evaluation of the carbonization process

Development of lignin carbon fibers: Evaluation of the carbonization process

Thermal analysis of carbon fibre reinforced polymer decomposition

Nano MnO2 Radially Grown on Lignin-Based Carbon Fiber by One-Step Solution Reaction for Supercapacitors with High Performance

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