The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Humans

Stewart, Richard D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.15.040175.002205

Cited by 183 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…Cigarette smoking may affect the hearing through the direct ototoxic effect of nicotine on the cochlea [31 -33]. As smokers are constantly exposed to the levels of carbon monoxide in the range of 500 to 1,500 parts per million [34], it has been suggested the carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke causes a rise in the carboxyhaemoglobin levels in smokers, which may in turn reduce the oxygen which is available for the organ of Corti [35,36], resulting in a damage to the hair cells which are sensitive to oxygen [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Smoking on the Hearing Status –A Hospital Based Study

Kumar

Gulati²,

Singhal³

et al. 2013

JCDR

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Background: Tobacco smoking has been known to affect the human physiology and among the various damaging effects of tobacco, it has been linked with its effect on the sense of hearing. Aim and Objective:This study was designed with the aim of finding the relationship between smoking and hearing loss in various age groups. Materials and Methods:This study included 148 subjects among which 108 were smokers and 40 were age matched non smokers. The smoking history of all the subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 60 years was taken in detail and their audiometric thresholds were recorded in a sound proof room by a professional audiometrist. The data was analyzed by using appropriate statistical tests. Observation and Results:Smoking was found to be significantly associated with hearing loss. Also, the hearing loss was mainly of the sensorineural type, with the mild type (26-40 dB) of hearing loss being the most common among the smokers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Smoking on the Hearing Status –A Hospital Based Study

Kumar

Gulati²,

Singhal³

et al. 2013

JCDR

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“…Studies report that outer hair cells have nicotine receptors, suggesting that tobacco may have a direct ototoxic effect on outer hair cell function 9,10 . Another idea is that tobacco toxicity leads to reduced amounts of oxygen in the cochlear base, thus leading to degenerative injuries to the organ of Corti 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Former smokers tend to develop high frequency hearing loss, thus suggesting that the harmful effects of smoking upon hearing are cumulative and permanent 8 . A study carried out with animals in a laboratory observed the infliction of cochlear damage after exposure to cigarette smoke 9 . Another study using animals found nicotine receptors in hair cells, thus indicating that smoking may have direct ototoxic impact upon hair cell function and reduce the potential of the hearing neurotransmission organ 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study using animals found nicotine receptors in hair cells, thus indicating that smoking may have direct ototoxic impact upon hair cell function and reduce the potential of the hearing neurotransmission organ 10 . As less oxygen is available to the organ of Corti, there is less energy available for the cochlea and possibly more hair cell injury 9,11,12 . Some smokers complain of tinnitus, an indication of peripheral or central disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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O cigarro como um fator de risco para alterações auditivas

Paschoal¹,

Azevedo²

2009

Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.)

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Smoki ng is a public health concern and we are still unsure of its relation with auditory problems. Aim: To study the effects of cigarette smoking in auditory thresholds, in otoacoustic emissions and in their inhibition by the efferent olivocochlear medial system. Materials and Methods: 144 adults from both genders, between 20 and 31 years of age, smoking and non-smoking individuals were submitted to conventional and high-frequency audiometry, transient stimuli otoacoustic emissions and suppression effect investigation. Results: smokers presented worse auditory thresholds in the frequencies of 12.500Hz in the right ear and 14,000 kHz in both ears. Regarding the otoacoustic emissions, smokers group presented a lower response level in the frequencies of 1,000Hz in both ears and 4,000Hz in the left ear. Among smokers there were more cases of cochlear dysfunction and tinnitus. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cigarette smoking has an adverse effect on the auditory system.

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“…Only one exposure was to lower levels i.e., 25 ppm for 2 h. These CO levels have no relation to ambient standards. In a review of CO effects on man, Stewart 6 presented earlier data superimposed on theoretical absorption curves predicted using the mathematical model proposed by Coburn et al 7 At these CO concentrations, determined COHb levels were reasonably equivalent to predicted levels. But note that these levels were for exposure of 50 h and more, and up to 500 ppm in resting subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%