The effect of carbon material on the electroanalytical determination of 4-chloro-3-methylphenol using the sol-gel derived carbon ceramic electrodes

E-Tongues/Noses Based on Conducting Polymers and Composite Materials: Expanding the Possibilities in Complex Analytical Sensing

“…As it can be observed in the previous table, conducting polymers are very versatile in the determination of a wide variety of samples, including beverages (milk, wine, beer, juice, and water), pharmaceutical tablets (rutin and dopamine), and human body fluids (urine, blood, tears, and serum). Importantly, their analytical parameters, in terms of limit of detection and linear range, are competitive in comparison with other non-conducting polymer electrochemical sensors reported in literature, such as ceramic carbon and carbon paste modified sensors [ 90 , 91 , 92 ].…”

Tunable construction of electrochemical sensors for chlorophenol detection

“…72 Due to the relatively low cost and wide availability of carbon materials, carbon-based electrodes have been widely used ever since graphite electrodes were introduced for electrochemical production of alkali metals. [94][95][96][97][98][99] Diverse carbon-based electrodes emerge, benefiting from the presence of abundant allotropes of carbon including the sp 2 hybridized graphitic carbon materials (graphite, glassy carbon, carbon black, etc. ), and the completely sp 3 hybridized tetrahedral diamond.…”

“…92 Besides, the unmodified electrodes require high potential to proceed with the redox reaction of CPs at high rates. 94 Thus, in practical use, modification of the working electrodes with specific active materials is necessary. Such modification facilitates both the interface contact with target CPs and the interfacial charge transfer therein.…”

An application of a glassy carbon electrode and a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in electroanalytical determination of oxycarboxin

“…The most commonly used as working electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry are carbonbased electrodes, such as graphite [11][12][13], glassy carbon [14,15], or carbon paste electrodes [16,17]. In order to improve the sensitivity and detection limit of the bare carbon-based electrodes, the modification of their surfaces can be performed with nanomaterials, such as for example graphene [18][19][20][21][22], carbon nanotubes [23][24][25][26], metal nanoparticles [21,27,28], etc. Nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary electrical and physical properties, and they are very often used for the electrode surface modifications.…”